Eyewitness Identification
This is the primary way the Innocence Project exonerates people who were wrongfully convicted.
What is post-conviction DNA testing?
Jurors engage in _____ when filtering case evidence through their own experiences, expectations, values and beliefs.
What is top-down processing?
Any cue that lineup administrators provide to witnesses after they make their identification that appears to convey information about accuracy.
What is post-identification feedback?
The plaintiff in a civil lawsuit is suing the defendant for $1.4 billion in psychological damages due to an unsafe workplace. Although the jury knows that $1.4 billion is an outrageous figure, the settlement they agree upon after finding the defendant responsible was still $650k. ______ phenomenon is most likely responsible for this high settlement.
What is the anchoring (heuristic) or the anchoring and adjustment (heuristic)?
The errors that can occur in target-present and target-absent lineups.
What are a miss and a filler identification in target-present lineups, and a suspect or filler identification in target-absent lineups?
These are the nationwide requirements to be a juror in the United States.
What is U.S. citizenship, an age of 18 years (sometimes 21), and basic literacy (sometimes there are other residency requirements)?
List two examples of a system variable and two examples of an estimator variable.
What are the lineup format/instructions, expert witnesses, interview protocols for system variables and witness conditions, juror biases, defendant/witness characteristics for estimator variables?
_____-_____ juries take an early vote and then structure the discussion around available verdict options, seeking to identify the option that is most acceptable to jurors. ____- ____ juries spend time evaluating the evidence and attempting to discern the ‘truth’ from conflicting facts.
What is verdict-driven and evidence-driven (respectively)?
Three objectives of the pre-lineup interview.
What is documenting descriptions of the culprit and witness conditions, noting prior familiarity, warning against co-witness discussions and self-investigations?
These are three evidence-based jury-centered reforms.
What are providing (simplified) preliminary jury instructions, allowing jurors to take notes and ask questions, providing mid-trial summaries, and debriefing jurors who serve on difficult/stressful cases?