Metabolism 1
This enzyme is used to catalyze the rapid breakdown of Creatine Phosphate.
Creatine kinase
This enzyme adds a phosphate to glucose to form glucose-6-phosphate
Hexokinase
Pure carbohydrate metabolism has an RER of _____
1.0
Cardiac output (Q) is calculated as:
Heart rate x Stroke Volume
Most of the cardiac cycle is spent in this phase ______
(ventricular) Diastole
Oxygen and electrons combine to produce this at the end of the electron transport chain
Water
The rate limiting enzyme for glycolysis
PFK (phosphofructokinase)
The point at which lactate production exceeds the rate of clearance and results in a more exponential increase in blood lactate concentration is known as _______
lactate threshold
Increases in maximal cardiac output with training are due to an increase in this component of Q.
Stroke Volume
This is the Fick equation for oxygen consumption at the tissue.
Q x (a-v)O2 difference
Under anaerobic conditions, the fate of pyruvate is conversion to this molecule
Lactate
This many ATP are used during the activation step of fatty acid metabolism.
2 ATP
This is the correct formula for calculating Respiratory Exchange Ratio.
RER = VCO2/VO2
As exercise continues, this phenomenon occurs as stroke volume decreases and heart rate rises.
Cardiovascular drift
With training, this happens to HR at the same submaximal, absolute exercise intensity.
Decreases
The net ATP yield from glycolysis when glycogen is the starting substrate
3 ATP
This enzyme is used to remove a carnitine and add a CoA to a fatty acid to allow beta oxidation to take place in the mitochondrial matrix
carnitine acyltransferase II
A runner with better running economy will use less _____ at the same absolute exercise intensity
Oxygen
An increase in these endothelial factors (name one) can decrease vessel resistance.
Nitric oxide, prostaglandins, or EDHF
This structural adaptation from aerobic training allows for increased blood flow to the active muscle.
What is increased capillarization (capillary density)?
An increase in the concentration of product from one reaction inhibiting the enzyme responsible for making that product is known as...
negative feedback
Fatty acid mobilization is initiated by this enzyme
Hormone sensitive lipase
This term refers to the extra oxygen consumed after exercise in the recovery period, necessary to replenish ATP/PCr stores, convert lactate to glycogen, and clear CO2
EPOC
An increased EDV causes an increased contraction strength from greater stretching of the heart, known as this.
Frank-Starling mechanism
This term refers to the greater vasodilation that occurs in vessels supplying the active muscles relative to the stimulus for vasoconstriction sent from the sympathetic nervous system.