Name that structure
These extensions of root epidermal cells increase the surface area for absorption.
What are root hairs?
This large, fluid-filled compartment helps plant cells maintain turgor pressure.
What is a vacuole?
This is the closest living relative to land plants.
What are green algae.
The fusion of sperm and egg that restores the diploid chromosome number is called this.
What is fertilization?
The first seed leaves of an embryo, which may store or absorb nutrients, are called these.
What are the cotyledons?
The pollen producing tip of a stamen is called this.
What is the anther?
This bud forms in the angle between a leaf and a stem and can develop into a lateral shoot.
What is a lateral or axillary bud?
This is one primary function of dermal tissue.
What are protects surfaces or regulates exchanges with the environment?
These are the two gametes produced by the gametophyte stage.
What are eggs and sperm?
A peach has fleshy tissue surrounding a hard, stony pit; botanically it is this fruit type.
What is a drupe?
Seeds are developed from the ____ in a flower whereas fruit is developed from the _______.
What are ovules and the ovary?
This simple, ancestral leaf form has only one unbranched vein.
What is a microphyll?
This living outer region of wood continues to move water and dissolved minerals.
What is sapwood?
Before standardized naming systems, people often used long descriptions of plant characteristics to name plants called ___________.
What are polynomials?
A fern’s small free-living, often heart-shaped gamete-producing body is called this.
What is a prothallus (fern gametophyte)?
A maple’s papery-winged, dry indehiscent fruit is called this.
What is a samara?
This term describes a plant bearing separate male and female flowers on the same individual.
What is monoecious?
This older, often darker inner xylem no longer conducts water but contributes structural support.
What is heartwood?
What is protection for developing buds and leaves.
In mosses, this reproductive structure produces sperm.
What is an antheridium?
A raspberry develops from several separate carpels of one flower, making it this fruit category, whereas a pineapple develops from an entire cluster of flowers, making it this fruit category. NAME BOTH.
What is an aggregate fruit and a multiple fruit?
These are the names for the 4 floral whorls on a flower.
What are the sepals (calyx), petals (corolla), stamens, and carpels?
These colorful leaves often resemble flower petals.
What are bracts?
These are two functions of the leaf petiole.
What are phototropism, hydraulic connections, adding flexibility.
In mosses, this reproductive structure produces eggs.
What is an Archegonium?
Name three botanical TRUE berries (not counting fruits in specific sub categories like hesperidiums)?
Variable.
Name a pollinator and describe an adaptation that a flower would have for this pollinator.
Variable
The alternating light and dark bands of these two seasonal types of wood form a tree's annual growth rings.
What are springwood/earlywood and summerwood/latewood.
These two changes help cactus shoots conserve water: photosynthetic fleshy stems perform one function, while leaf spines reduce this loss. Name the two functions.
What are water storage (in stems) and reduced water loss/transpiration (from reduced leaves)?
Put the 4 major lineages of plant groups in order of first split from the phylogeny (i.e. most ancestral traits) to last split from the phylogeny (i.e. most derived traits)
What are bryophytes, seedless vascular plants, gymnosperms, and angiosperms.
Name one group that has a dominant sporophyte generation and one group that has a dominant gametophyte generation.
What are seedless vascular plants, gymnosperms, or angiosperms (dominant sporophyte), and what are bryophytes (dominant gametophyte)?
An apple and a strawberry are both considered a _______________ fruit because they do not develop from the ovary of a flower. Instead they developed from the ____________.
What is an accessory fruit and the receptacle?
This is the definition for an imperfect flower.
What is a flower that lacks either stamens or pistils.