Cow
If 100mL plasma is filtered, nothing is reabsorbed, but there is some secretion, which of the following is true?
a - Filtration > Excretion
b - Filtration = Excretion
c - Filtration < Excretion
d - None of the above
Filtration < Excretion
Carbon monoxide poisoning will result in:
a - Shift of the dissociation curve to the left
b - Shift of the dissociation curve to the right
c - Decrease in O2 delivery to systemic tissues
d - Decrease in PO2
e - A and C
A and C
Shift of the dissociation curve to the left
Decrease in O2 delivery to systemic tissues
Which of the following is not a function of the conduction zone?
a - Filtering air
b - Surfactant production
c - Moistening air
d - Warming air
Surfactant production
Which of the following is the correct direction of movement of gasses between the systemic tissues and the systemic capillaries?
a - CO2 and O2 both diffuse from the capillaries to the systemic tissue
b - CO2 diffuses from the capillaries to the systemic tissue
c - CO2 diffuses from the systemic tissue to the capillaries
d - O2 diffuses from the systemic tissue to the capillaries
CO2 diffuses from the systemic tissue to the capillaries
Which of the following is the amount of air left in the lungs after a maximal exhalation?
a - FRC
b - ERV
c - TV
d - RV
RV
Most reabsorption occurs in the:
a - Glomerular capsule
b - Proximal tubule
c - Distal Tubule
d - Collecting duct
Proximal tubule
Which of the following is the correct order of external respiration?
a - Diffusion into plasma, diffusion into RBC, chloride shift, diffusion from plasma to alveoli, reverse chloride shift
b - Diffusion into RBC, diffusion into plasma, chloride shift, diffusion from plasma to alveoli, reverse chloride shift
c - Diffusion into RBC, chloride shift, diffusion into RBC, diffusion from plasma to alveoli, reverse chloride shift
d - Diffusion into plasma, chloride shift, diffusion into RBC, diffusion from plasma to alveoli, reverse chloride shift
Diffusion into plasma, diffusion into RBC, chloride shift, diffusion from plasma to alveoli, reverse chloride shift
Which is CORRECTLY matched?
a - Type I alveolar cells: surfactant production
b - Type II alveolar cells: external respiration
c - Type I alveolar cells: internal respiration
d - Type II alveolar cells: decrease surface tension
Type II alveolar cells: decrease surface tension
Which of the following values is correctly matched with the location?
a - Systemic venules : PO₂ = 100 mm Hg
b - Pulmonary arterioles : PO₂ = 100 mm Hg
c - Systemic arterioles : PCO₂ = 46 mm Hg
d - Pulmonary venules : PCO₂ = 40 mm Hg
Pulmonary venules : PCO₂ = 40 mm Hg
A person has the following lung volumes: TV = 500 mL, TLC = 6000 mL, RV = 1200 mL, IC = 3800. From this information, calculate ERV.
a - 1000mL
b - 2200mL
c - 500mL
d - 1500 mL
1000mL
Total Lung Capacity (TLC) is the sum of all four lung volumes:
TLC=TV+IRV+ERV+RV
We can rearrange this formula to find ERV:
ERV=TLC−TV−IRV−RV
ERV=6000mL−500mL−3300mL−1200mL=1000
ERV=1000mL
Which of the following hormones is used to decrease GFR?
a - Prostaglandins
b - Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)
c - Vasopressin (ADH)
d - Angiotensin II
Angiotensin II
The conversion of CO2 to bicarbonate utilizes what enzyme?
a - Pepsinogen
b - Bicarbonase
c - Carbonic anhydrase
d - Carbonic dehydrase
Carbonic anhydrase
In quiet breathing:
a - Inhalation is active
b - Inhalation is passive
c - Both expiration and inspiration are active
d - Both expiration and inspiration are passive
Inhalation is active
The concentration of ___________ is expected to be highest in the __________.
a - CO2 : Systemic arterial blood
b - O2 : Pulmonary arterial blood
c - H : Systemic venous blood
d - CO2 : Pulmonary venous blood
H : Systemic venous blood
Which of the following is the correct sequence of events for an inhalation?
a - Thorax volume increases → Pip decreases → Palv decreases → Prs decreases
b - Thorax volume increases → Pip decreases → Prs increases → Palv decreases
c - Thorax volume increases → Palv decreases → Pip decreases → Prs increases
d - Thorax volume increases → Pip increases → Prs increases → Palv increases
Thorax volume increases → Pip decreases → Palv decreases → Prs decreases
The __________ system can regulate GFR using ____________.
a - Sympathetic; E/NE with alpha adrenergic receptors
b - Parasympathetic; E/NE with alpha adrenergic receptors
c - Sympathetic; ACh w/muscarinic receptors
d - Parasympathetic; ACh w/muscarinic receptors
Sympathetic; E/NE with alpha adrenergic receptors
An increase in temperature will result in:
a - No change in the dissociation curve
b - The dissociation curve will shift to the left
c - Affinity for oxygen will increase
d - Affinity for oxygen will decrease
Affinity for oxygen will decrease
Which of the following muscles is not involved in breathing?
a - Pectoral
b - Scalenes
c - Sternocleidomastoid
d - External intercostals
e - All of these are involved in respiration
Pectoral
Which of the following would increase the release of oxygen from Hb at a higher than usual partial pressure of O2?
a - An increase in pH
b - A decrease in concentration of DPG
c - An increase in temperature
d - A decrease in partial pressure of CO2
An increase in temperature
An increase in the volume of the alveoli would directly result in
a - A increase in Prs
b - A decrease in Palv
c - An increase in Ptp
d - An increase in PiP
A decrease in Palv
In tubuloglomerular feedback, the macula densa:
a - Vasoconstricts the afferent arteriole in response to increase in K+ flow
b - Vasodilates the efferent arteriole in response to increase K+ flow
c - Vasoconstricts the afferent arteriole in response to increase Na+ flow
d - Vasodilates the afferent arteriole in response to increase Na+ flow
Vasoconstricts the afferent arteriole in response to increase Na+ flow
How does fetal hemoglobin compare to maternal hemoglobin?
a - Fetal hemoglobin has a lower affinity for oxygen
b - Maternal hemoglobin has a lower affinity for oxygen
c - Fetal hemoglobin has a higher affinity for CO2
d- Maternal hemoglobin has a higher affinity for CO2
Maternal hemoglobin has a lower affinity for oxygen
The thoracic cavity recoils _________ and the lungs recoil __________.
a - Inward, outward
b - Inward, inward
c - Outward, inward
d - Outward, outward
Outward, inward
The stimulus to increase alveolar ventilation during exercise (hyperpnea) is _______________.
a - an increase in the systemic arterial PCO2
b - an increase in the production of metabolic acids
c - a decrease in the systemic arterial PCO2
d - a decrease in the systemic arterial PO2
an increase in the production of metabolic acids
A decrease in the PCO2 of systemic arterial blood below the normal value of PCO2=40mm Hg would
a - be expected to reduce the pH of systemic arterial blood
b - be expected to inhibit expiration
c - be expected to increase stimulation of the central chemoreceptors
d - be the result of hyperventilation
be the result of hyperventilation