IV therapy
what IV gauge would you choose for surgical patients or rapid blood administration?
18 G
a way SOLUTES move, tendency of solutes (particles) to move freely throughout a solvent (fluid), moving things from an area of HIGH concentration to an area of LOW concentration
how does the thyroid gland maintain homeostasis?
increases the blood flow in the body and increases renal circulation
same concentration of particles as plasma
Normal Saline (0.9% NS)
Lactated ringers
isotonic
Irritability
• Muscle twitching
• Diminished or absent DTR
• Thirst
• Increased GI motility
• Hyperactive bowel sounds
• Tachycardia
• Orthostatic hypotension
• Hyperthermia
• Oliguria
hypernatremia s/sx
how do you flush a CVAD?
WITH NO LESS THAN A 10 CC SYRINGE (TOO MUCH PRESSURE)
using a pulsating force (push-stop-push-stop)
water passes from an area of lesser solute concentration to greater concentration until equilibrium is established, water is what is moving
osmosis
pumps and carries nutrients and water in the body
how does the CV system maintain homeostasis?
less particles than plasma (more water): replaces intra-cellular fluid, Hypo treats hyper. Draws stuff into the cell. Treats intracellular dehydration or hypervolemia. Cells can swell
0.45 % NS (1/2 NS)
0.33 % NS (1/3 NS)
hypotonic
•Hypothermia
•Tachycardia
•Hypotension
•Thready pulse
•Headache
•Muscle weakness
•Decreased deep tendon reflexes (low NA - low DTR)
•Hyperactive bowel sounds
•Abdominal cramping
•Nausea
•Severe: Lethargy, muscle twitching, hemiparesis, seizures
Hyponatremia s/sx
what are the small gauges for peripheral? How about large?
27-28
14-16
particles go from lower concentration to higher concentration, requires energy for movement of substances through the cell membrane from the lesser solute concentration to the higher solute concentration, body has to use energy to move something
active transport
regulate oxygen and carbon dioxide levels of the blood
lungs
more particles than plasma (more particles): draws into vessel, hyper treats hypo, treats hypovolemia. Dont use for cellular dehydration.
D 5% ½ NS (5 % D in 0.45 NS)
D 5 % NS ( 5 % in 0.9% NS)
D 5 % LR
D 10 W
blood and tpn
hypertonic
• Metabolic acidosis
• Dysrhythmia, BAD!! (slow, irregular pulse)
• Hypotension
• Weakness
• Paresthesias
• Increased GI motility
• Hyperactive bowel sounds
• Restlessness, irritability
• N/V/D
hyperkalemia s/sx
which lumen in a central line is used for high volume or THICK fluids and can be used for CVP monitoring?
distal lumen
passage of fluid through a permeable membrane from the area of higher to lower pressure
- movement of fluid in and out of the vessel
capillary filtration
help the body conserve sodium, save chloride and water, and excrete potassium
- hold onto Na = hold onto H2O
how do the adrenal glands maintain homeostasis?
0.45 % NS (1/2 NS) treats
cellular dehydration
hypernatremia
• Weak irregular pulse
• Hypotension
• Muscle cramping
• Hypoactive reflexes
• Decreased GI motility
• N/V
• Anorexia
• PVCs
• Mental confusion
hypokalemia s/sx
which lumen in a central line is used for blood sampling and administration of meds/blood?
proximal lumen
difference in the hydrostatic pressure and the colloid osmotic pressure
filtration pressure
regulate the level of calcium in ECF
how do the parathyroid glands maintain homeostasis?
Normal Saline (0.9% NS)
Used with administration of blood transfusions.
Supplies free water to aid in renal excretion of solutes and expands intracellular fluid volumes.
isotonic
oNausea, vomiting
oWeakness, lethargy
oHypoactive or loss of deep tendon reflexes
oCardiac arrest
DTR levels are opposite high mag=hypoactive DTR
hypermag s/sx