Hormones
What is the essential component of TH?
Iodine
What hormone does alcohol inhibit?
ADH
How could I find the osmolality of a patient since lab results do not show osmolality?
Osmolality = 2x sodium concentration
Insufficient ADH results in..
excessive urine production, dehydration, thirst
Which hormone causes gluconeogenesis?
Cortisol
What are the possible causes of diabetes insipidus?
tumor of pituitary gland
head trauma
radiation damage
kidneys that don't respond to ADH
infection
What is the goal with the endocrine system?
To control the variable, NOT the hormone
What are the target tissues for TH?
Most body cells EXCEPT brain, spleen, testes, and ureters
Tell me all you know about Goiter
hypothyroidism, so low TH
due to insufficient iodine
Who is the source for PTH?
Parathyroid gland
Why do we say hormones are receptor-specific?
What are the effects of TH?
1. increase basal metabolism which you burn more calories without activity, produce heat, and body temp rises
2. increase number of adrenergic receptors on blood vessels which increases BP
Who is the source for aldosterone?
Adrenal Cortex
What happens to the antibodies of a patient with Grave's disease?
Antibodies mimic TSH thereby increasing release of TH (too much!)
Which hormone is used to give the fat and muscle glucose? And who secretes this hormone?
Insulin; Pancreas
The magnitude of a response is affect by: (2 things)
1. Concentration of hormone
2. #of receptor sites for the hormone
ADH is released in response to increased osmolality but also in response to: (3)
1. Pain
2. Decreased BP
3. Drugs such as nicotine, morphine, barbiturates
What‘s the problem in DM Type 2?
Receptors have become insulin resistance, OR number of receptors is reduced
What are the S&S of Addison’s Disease?
1.”bronzing” of skin
2. Weight loss
3. Hyponatremia
4. Hyperkalemia
5. Dehydration
6. Low BP
What hormone is used when glucose levels are low? Can this hormone bring glucose out of muscle and fat?
Glucagon; NO, we would use the liver to get glucose back to homeostasis
What are the cells in the hypothalamus that respond to high ECF osmolality? How do they respond?
Osmoreceptors; they stimulate the release of ADH from the posterior pituitary and cause the inhibition of salivary glands to stimulate thirst
What are the targets and effects of PTH?
Bones, kidney, small intestine
increase Ca++ in ECF
3 effects of Aldosterone
1. Decrease ECF [K+] and/or [H+] by increase secretion of K+ (and H+) at kidneys
2. Increase ECF [Na+] by increase of reabsorption of Na+
3. Increase BV and BP
3 triggers of release of Aldosterone
In response to low BP, high K+, and prolonged stress
What are the causes of Cushing’s Disease?
1. Use of oral corticosteroid meds
2. Tumor of ant. Pit. - increase ACTH
3. Tumor of ad. Cortex - increase cortisol
4. Cancer of lungs, pancreas, or kidneys - increase ACTH