Gene Expression
Which hormone plays a key role in satellite cell activation?
Testosterone
Estrogen
Insulin
IGF1
4. IGF1
Women will oxidize more ______ during exercise compared to men
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
Lipids
Which of the following statements about concurrent training and the interference effect is accurate?
Altering the duration, intensity, or frequency of MICT has no impact on the interference effect
Trained individuals are more likely to experience the interference effect
Running is less likely to interfere with muscle hypertrophy compared to cycling
Performing endurance exercise before resistance exercise is recommended for optimal strength gains
2. Trained individuals are more likely to experience the interference effect
Which signaling protein involved in mitochondrial biogenesis is also involved in blocking the muscle hypertrophy pathway.
AMPK
Which key player acts as a double agent, meaning it serves as both a nuclear and mitochondrial transcription factor
1. AMPK
2. p53
3. CAMKII
4. PGC1alpha
2. p53
Which hormone promotes lipid utilization
Aldosterone
testosterone
Estradiol
Progesterone
3. Estradiol
Which type of muscle fiber has a higher concentration of ATP and PCr
Type IIX
Type IIA
Type I
Type I
What happens to carbohydrate metabolism when exercising at the same relative intensity at altitude
1. increase
2. decrease
3. stay the same
1. increase
Which fuel source is predominant at rest?
Lipids
Which enzyme is most directly associated with the rapid regeneration of ATP from phosphocreatine in muscle?
Creatine kinase
What kind of muscle fibers are glycolytic, meaning it favors the lactate system
Type 1
Type IIX
Type IIA
2. Type IIX
What value provides the normal values for a given variable
Reference interval
Which of the following is not apart of the activation of PGC1-alpha
1. AMPK
2. p53
3. IGF-1
4. CAMKII
3. IGF-1
What molecule, critical for shuttling fatty acids into the mitochondrial matrix for energy production, could be responsible for the decline in fat utilization seen at higher workout intensities?
Carnitine
What type of training increases the enzymatic activity of our anaerobic energy systems, specifically in relation to glycoclysis and phosphocreatine breakdown (i.e. creatine kinase, phosphorylase)
Sprint training
Which energy source is stored in the highest capacity in the body?
Adipose Triacylglycerols
Which of the following is the master regulator of muscle mitochondrial content?
TFM
PGC1alpha
NRF
CAMKII
BONUS: Describe the way that way that satellite cells assist in muscle hypertrophy
2. PGC1alpha
BONUS: fuses with the muscle fiber thus increasing the nuclues content of the cell to increase gene and protein transcription
What fuel source contributes to the total energy production as exercise begins to approach two hours.
BONUS: Describe when carbohydrate intake is necessary and why it is beneficial
plasma fatty acids
BONUS: Long duration exercise, 2+ hours, help spare muscle glycogen, maintain blood glucose
True/False. Chronic endurance training results in a greater reliance on fats rather than carbohydrates at the same absolute intensity.
BONUS: Name some adaptations to endurance training
True
BONUS: increased mitochondrial content which enhances the capacity for fatty acid oxidation, increased VO2max, increases the lipid:carbs used during prolonged exercise, increased aerobic endurance performance, and cardiorespiratory fitness
As intensity increases, which fuel source is metabolized anaerobically at a greater proportion
BONUS:Describe the change in energy source proportions at different exercise intensities and durations
carbohydrates
BONUS:
During short-duration, high-intensity exercise, such as interval training, anaerobic energy systems dominate, including the use of stored ATP, phosphocreatine, and rapid glycolysis
During prolonged exercise:
Initially, carbohydrate metabolism is high, utilizing muscle and liver glycogen [our conversation history].
As exercise duration approaches two hours, there is a greater reliance on fat oxidation