Anxiety-Related Disorders
1. An anxiety disorder marked by unpredictable episodes of intense dread in which a person may experience terror and accompanying chest pain, choking, or other frightening sensations.
2. After several panic attacks, people may come to fear the fear of itself. This may trigger _______, fear, or avoidance of public situations from which escape might be difficult. People with this disorder may avoid being outside the home/ crowd.
1. Panic disorder
2.Agoraphobia
pg 484
A massive dissociation of self from ordinary consciousness occurs in _______ ________ _______ in which two or more distinct identities each with its own voice and mannerisms seem to control a person's behavior.
Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID)
pg 504
A cognitive and social-emotional disorder that is marked by social deficiencies and repetitive behaviors. It is now diagnosed in 1 in 54 children in the U.S.
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)
pg 509
1.belief about a group of people
2. unjustifiable negative behavior toward a group or its members
3. involves negative emotions, stereotypes beliefs, and predisposition to discriminatory action. "Prejudgement"
Stereotype
Discrimination
Prejudice
pg 412
A condition in which people receive from a relationship in proportion to what they give to it.
Dirk Willems exemplified ______. He fits the definition of a hero, courageous, and protective of those in need. Or an unselfish regard for the welfare of others
equity
altruism
pg 431
1. A disorder characterized by unwanted repetitive thoughts, actions, or both.
2. Checking that you locked the door more than 10 times is an example of a
3. Concerns with dirt, germs, or toxins are an example of
1. Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD)
2. Compulsion (repetitive behaviors)
3. Obsessions (repetitive thoughts)
pg. 485, 486
What are the three clusters of personality disorders?
Anxiety
Eccentric or odd behaviors
Dramatic or impulsive behaviors
pg 505
_____ ______ _______ ________ is associated with abnormal brain structure, abnormal brain activity patterns, and future risky or antisocial behaviors.
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
a disorder marked by extreme inattention and/or hyperactivity and impulsivity.
pg 511
_____ ______ ________ reflects an idea that we commonly teach our children, that good is rewarded and evil is punished. People get what they deserve and deserve what they get.
Just-world phenomenon
pg 417
The tendency for repeated exposure to novel stimuli to increase our liking of them
mere exposure effect
tendency to develop preferences for things merely because we are familiar with them
ex: by age 3 months, infants prefer photos of the race they most often see
Traumatic fear-learning experiences can leave tracks in the brain, creating fear circuits within the
Amygdala
People with ______ ________ ________ usually male, can display symptoms by age 8. Their lack of conscience becomes plain before age 15, as they begin to lie, steal, fight, or display unrestrained sexual behavior. Sometimes called sociopaths/psychopaths.
Antisocial Personality Disorder- a personality disorder in which a person ( usually male) exhibits a lack of conscience for wrongdoings, even toward friends and family members; may be aggressive and ruthless or clever con artist.
pg. 505
One study of 2 million individuals found the heritability of ASD was near ____ %
80%
pg 510
________ __________ proposes that when things go wrong finding someone to blame can provide a target for our negative emotions.
Scapegoat theory
pg 417
mutual views often held by conflicting parties, as when each side sees itself as ethical and peaceful and views the other side as evil and aggressive.
mirror-image perceptions
see yourself as the opposite of the person you're having conflict with
pg 435
1. In a study involving 104,000 veterans returning from Iraq and Afghanistan, 25% were diagnosed with a psychological disorder. The most frequent diagnosis was
2. The amount of distress experienced by an individual can determine if they develop PTSD after a traumatic event, the _____ the distress, the greater the risk for posttraumatic symptoms.
1. Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
2. Higher ex: level of physical torture
pg. 486
PET scans of murderers' brains have revealed...
reduced activation in the frontal lobes
pg 508
Scientists are exploring whether treatment with _____, the hormone that promotes social bonding, might improve social understanding in those with ASD.
Oxytocin
pg 510
The tendency to recall faces of one's own race more accurately than faces of other races.
other-race effect (cross-race effect, own-race bias)
pg 419
The tendency for any given bystander to be less likely to give aid if other bystanders are present.
the theory that our social behavior is an exchange process, the aim of which is to maximize benefits and minimize costs.
The Bystander effect
Social Exchange Theory ex: donating blood
pg 432
Ellen becomes dizzy and nauseated shortly before she expects her husband home. Neither her primary care physician nor neurologist can identify a physical cause. They expect her symptoms to have an unconscious psychological origin, possibly triggered by her feelings about her husband. Ellen has a
Somatic Symptom Disorder
symptoms take a bodily form without apparent physical cause
ex: anxiety or distress related to physical symptoms despite reassurance from health care providers
pg. 487
Regardless of their actual weight, the self-starved person feels fat, fears, being fat, and focuses obsessively on losing weight. What eating disorder causes this?
______ is marked by weight fluctuations within or above normal ranges, making the disorder easier to hide.
Those with ______ _______ disorder engage in significant bingeing, followed by remorse. BUT they do not purge, fast, or exercise excessively.
Anorexia
Bulimia
Binge-eating disorder
pg 507
Stimulant drugs _______ and _______ calm hyperactivity and increase the ability to sit and focus. So do behavior therapy and aerobic exercise.
Ritalin and Adderall
pg 511
The principle that frustration creates anger, which can generate aggression.
frustration-aggression principle
pg 421
Shared goals that override differences in people and could be achieved only through cooperation.
superordinate goals
pg 436