Medical Emergencies
What is CPR?
A technique of manually providing chest compression and ventilations to patients in cardiac arrest to provide oxygenated blood to the brain and vital organs and reverse the processes that lead to death
In an emergency, who bears primary responsibility of responding?
a. Local Government
b. Community Agencies
c. Regional Response Teams
d. Federal Government
a. Local government
True or False: When a microscope is in use, sterile team members are seated.
True
When positioning a patient for a nasal procedure, what action is taken to reduce bleeding and prevent edema?
Elevating the head of the bed
What is the most efficient method of examining the pharynx?
Direct visualization
List the priorities for HCPs in emergency situations:
check for an provide a patient airway to ensure or restore respiratory status and breathing
cardiovascular status should be maintained or restored and hemostasis should be provided to maintain circulatory status
Treatment for shock, fractures, chest injuries, vital sign monitoring, wound protection and closure, provision of reassurance and comfort for the conscious patient
What is the first priority when approaching an All-Hazards Event?
Ensuring the safety of the scene
How is a patient positioned for an ear procedure?
The table is reversed and the patient is in supine position with the operative ear turned upward
True or False: Facial hair MUST be removed before nasal procedures
False; it is not usually necessary to remove facial hair for these procedures
Using a mirror to examine the nasopharynx or laryngopharynx is an example of what?
Indirect visualization
True or False: A patient experiencing an anaphylactic reaction is first treated with steroids.
False; the patient is first treated with epinephrine which causes bronchodilation, reduces laryngospasm, and raises blood pressure. Steroids are used later to stabilize mast cells, stop or slow the chain of events that caused the reaction.
True or False: The color codes developed by Hospital Association of Southern California are standardized across the US.
False; although many HCFs have adopted these codes, there is still no achievement of standardization.
Prep solution should not be allowed to enter which areas?
Eyes and Ears
Why is the patient provided with eyewear prior to the start of the procedure?
To prevent the eyes from drying out during the procedure
Which diagnostic test would be ordered to evaluate possible changes in the soft tissue structures of the neck?
CT
A patient is experiencing rapid increase in body temperature, unexplained tachycardia, unstable blood pressure, muscle rigidity, tachypnea, and cyanosis. What is the likely diagnosis?
Malignant Hyperthermia
How many DIME categories are there and what are they (with colors)?
4; Delayed (Yellow), Immediate (Red), Minimal (Green), Expectant (Black)
Which type of anesthesia is contraindicated for ear procedures?
a. General
b. Local
c. Nitrous Oxide
d. MAC
Nitrous oxide cannot be used as it expands the middle ear which could dislodge a tympanic membrane graft
the fully functional form of a living being that can thrive in a particular environment.
what is homeostasis?
Which condition is polysomnography utilized to diagnose?
Sleep apnea
What treatment is given to patients with DIC?
FFP to replace clotting factors; Cryoprecipitate is fibrinogen is low; Heparin to prevent thrombosis in combination with replacement therapy
HCFs are required by TJC to have an emergency action plan (EAP), what are the elements must the EAP address?
Mitigation; Preparedness; Response; Recovery; HICS
What is the most used graft in a tympanoplasty?
Temporalis fascia because it is easily accessible and provides a thick, highly-vascularized graft that easily epithelializes
How is the nose packed following the procedure?
The nose may be packed with gauze after the procedure; it may be dry or impregnated with antibiotic or vaseline ointment to prevent crusting or infection and to aid in removal
This test determines the presence of bacteria, although tuberculosis, fungi, and some viruses can also be identified this way; susceptibility to antibiotics is also measured