Disease/Agent
What is the causative agent of Meningitis?
While it can be caused by bacteria and viruses, Neisseria meningitides causes the most severe form.
Which disease is transmitted by a fecal oral route?
Polio
Rabies
Altered behavior, muscles spasms, hydrophobia
CNS prevents microbes from getting "in" the brain using a special barrier called:
Blood-Brain Barrier: vascular or vessel interface
Which Polio vaccine does the USA use?
IPV
Not OPV (contains virus that could revert to fully pathogenic strain)
Polio is caused by a: virus, bacteria, fungi, or protozoan?
Virus, The Polio Virus
Rabies Transmission
Typical: saliva from infected animal
(bites, scratches, droplets, inhalation)
Altered behavior, delirium, brain scans show a condensed brain/compacted tissue with holes
Prion Disease
Humans: Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease
Meningitis
Treat: no viral treatment
bacterial: antibiotics
Prevent: vaccine
Is the rabies virus's ability to colonize a host dependent on the location and severity of the wound?
Yes: wound site, wound severity, and inoculation dose contribute to the virus's incubation period.
Zika is caused by a: virus, bacteria, fungi, or protozoan?
Virus, The Zika Virus
Transmission of Prion Disease, 3 Ways
a) Contaminated Meat
b) Contaminated Surgical Equipment
c) Rare: Genetic Mutation
Which disease begins as a nonparalytic disease and progresses to an invasive paralytic disease.
Polio
Botulism
Treat: antitoxin therapy
Prevent: cook foods, avoid damaged cans, learn how to can foods properly, don't give honey to young children
Botulinum and Tetanospasmin are examples of?
Neurotoxins
a) Clostridium tetani causes ______
b) Clostridium botulinum causes ______
a) Tetanus
b) Botulism
Which disease is transmitted by Respiratory Droplets?
Meningitis
ALSO: close contact, saliva (sharing cups, utensils)
Stiff neck, photophobia, petechia skin rash, headache, vomiting
Meningitis
Rabies
Treat: MUST be done before signs begin
-human rabies immune globulin
-vaccine for 2 weeks
Prevent: leave wildlife alone, be mindful of your own pets
Immunologically privileged means?
Refers to the CNS, long-term/extreme immune responses like inflammation will damage the CNS, BUT the CNS should be "microbe-free"
Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease is caused by what?
Prions: misfolded or malformed proteins.
How is tetanus transmission different to botulism transmission.
a) Tetanus: puncture wound and contaminated soil
b) Botulism: contaminated food
Muscle paralysis, trouble breathing and swallowing, droopy eyelids, weak muscles, slurred speech
Botulsim
Zika
No treatment.
Prevent: mosquito control, protection
Meningitis alters cytokine function leading to:
Cytokines are proteins that manage red blood cell growth and development.
Altered cytokines causes vessel/red blood cell leakage.
Leads to petechiae