Oxygen
What is Ventilation?
The physical process of breathing in (inhalation) and out (exhalation)
Source: Unit XII-7
Reasons for oxygen therapy
Low O2 in blood
Low O2 in air
Blood loss
Ischemic Tissues
UnitXII 16
What is the term for decrease in O2 in cells/body?
Hypoxia
unit XII 10
What does pulse ox measure?
Measures oxygen saturation Of hemoglobin
(95% or higher in healthy adult)
Greater than 92%
What is homeostasis
The body’s tendency to maintain equilibrium despite internal & external changes.
What is perfusion?
The circulation of blood through lungs.
Perfusion ensures blood is available in capillaries to pick up O2 from alveoli & transport it throughout the body.
Unit XII-7
What level of hemoglobin is a red flag?
10 gm/dl
Unit XII 9Clinical manifestations for Hypoxia?
Early (RAT)
Restlessness
Anxiety
Tachycardia
Late (BED)
Bradycardia
Extreme Restlessness
Dyspnea
What does blood pressure equal
CO (cardiac output) x SVR (systemic vascular resistance)
What’s are the disruptors of homeostasis
Pain
Anxiety
Sleep disturbances
Home/work stress
Fear
Emotional conflict
What are the four requirements essential for adequate ventilation
1 Adequate atmospheric oxygen
2 Clean air passages (nares patent, septum midline, warmed, filtered, moist)*sneeze reflex, cough reflex, gag reflex, cilia
3 Adequate stretch & recoil (stretch increases volume, recoil decreases volume)
4 Intact CNS (medulla- inspiration, pons-expiration)
UnitXII-8
Chronic lung disease rely on which drive to breathe
Secondary Drive
Hypoxic Drive
What are the symptoms of Chronic Hypoxia?
Fatigue
clubbing of fingernails
What does cardiac output equal?
SV (stroke volume) x Rate/Minute (HR)
What are positive coping strategies?
Exercise
Social support
Journaling
Guided imagery
Music
Humor
Assertiveness training
Spiritual support
Sleep hygiene
What is the primary drive to breathe?
Increase in CO2
Medulla- highly responsive to increase in CO2 (signals to take a breath)
What measures the amount of oxygen carrying protein in blood?
Hemaglobin
unitXII 9
Described Pursed Lip Breathing
Smell a rose
Blow out a candle
This decreases CO2 that’s retained
COPD Pts
Unit XII 10
What distributes oxygenated blood to the body?
Arteries
Define hostility
Marked by overt antagonism and harmful or destructive behavior
Type of response to something that is perceived as a threat
What is the secondary drive to breathe?
Decrease in 02
Arteries respond to decrease in 02
What is the liter flow for nasal cannula?
1-6L/min
What is the liter flow for the simple face mask?
5-10 L/min
What signifies an acute ARTERIAL peripheral vascular disease?
Occlusive or complete obstruction (clot formed in arterial system)
Define the difference between covert and overt anger
Overt- obvious. Argumentative, sarcastic, fault finding, rude, rejecting
Covert- hidden.Wife burning dinner when mad at husband
A pt not following doctors orders