Intro to Therapy and the Psychological Therapies
What are the two main categories of Modern Western therapy?
In__________ a trained therapist uses psychological techniques to help someone overcome difficulties and achieve personal growth.
_________ therapy offers medication or other biological treatments
a. psychotherapy and psychoanalysis
b. psychoanalysis and biomedical therapy
c. psychotherapy and biomedical therapy
Psychotherapy & Biomedical therapy
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Although humanistic therapies differ from psychodynamic therapies, both help client's discover new insights. Since they share this goal, psychodynamic and humanistic therapies are often refereed to as ______ ________.
a. person-centered therapies
b. insight therapies
c. psychotherapies
b. insight therapies
pg 515
The study of the effects of drugs on mind and behavior.
psychopharmacology
pg 535
This application of repeated pulses of magnetic energy to the brain is performed on a wide-awake patient.
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)
no memory loss or other serious side effects
pg 539
A type of therapy that teaches people new, more adaptive ways of thinking.
To change negative self-talk, therapists have offered stress-inoculation training- teaching people to restructure their thinking in stressful situations.
Cognitive Therapy
Goals: perceiving and interpreting things in more positive and constructive ways, personal growth, developing new ways of thinking and replacing maladaptive habits, and enhancing problem-solving skills
The first major psychological therapy was Sigmund Freud's _________.
Freud believed the patient's free associations, resistances, dreams, and transferences released previously repressed feelings allowing the patient to gain self-insight.
By helping them reclaim their unconscious thoughts and feelings, and by giving them insight into the origins of their disorders, the therapist could help them reduce growth-impeding inner conflicts
a. insight therapies
b. psychodynamic therapy
c. psychoanalysis
Psychoanalysis
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In this nondirective therapy, the client leads the discussion. The therapist actively listens, without judging or interpreting and refrains from directing the client toward certain insights.
a. behavior therapy
b. psychoanalysis
c. person-centered therapy
c. person-centered therapy
pg. 516
These drugs are used to treat schizophrenia and other forms of severe thought disorders. They provided the most help with positive symptoms such as auditory hallucinations and paranoia. They are less effective in changing negative symptoms, such as apathy and withdrawal. Side effects: sluggishness, tremors, and twitches similar to those of Parkinson's disease
a. antidepressant drugs
b. antianxiety drugs
c. antipsychotic drugs
c. antipsychotic drugs
pg 536
Studies have found that for 30 to 40 % of people with depression, ________ is more effective than _______.
a. transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)
b. electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)
b. electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)
TMS still works but ECT is more effective
In ______ _______ clinical trials, placebos produced improvements comparable to 75% of the active drug's effect.
Double-blind clinical trials
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What are the techniques of psychoanalysis?
Free association, resistance, interpretation, transference
pg 515
Therapy that applies learning principles to the elimination of unwanted behaviors. These therapists doubt the healing power of self-awareness. They believe that problem behaviors are the problems.
Behavior therapy
pg 518
These drugs are used to control anxiety and agitation. Some of these drugs have been used in combination with psychological therapy to enhance exposure therapy's extinctions of learned fears and to reduce symptoms of PTSD and OCD.
ex: Xanax and Ativan
a. antidepressants
b. antianxiety drugs
c. antipsychotic drugs
b. antianxiety drugs
pg 536
This type of surgery is irreversible and is the least-used biomedical intervention for changing behavior. It involves removing or destroying brain tissue to change behavior.
psychosurgery
pg 540
Although influenced by Freud's ideas _______ therapists don't talk much about the id-ego-superego conflicts. Instead, they try to help people understand their current symptoms by focusing on important relationships and events, including childhood experiences and the therapist-client relationship.
psychodynamic therapy
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Joseph Wolpe refined Mary Cover Jones' counterconditioning technique into _______ therapies.
These therapies try to change people's reactions by repeatedly exposing them to stimuli that trigger unwanted reactions.
exposure therapies
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These drugs are used to treat depressive disorders, anxiety disorders, OCD, and PTSD. Several widely used _________ are selectively serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs).
They work to increase the availability of neurotransmitters such as _____ or _______
1. Antidepressants
2. norepinephrine or serotonin
This type of psychosurgery was used to calm uncontrollably emotional or violent patients. This procedure cut the nerves connecting the frontal lobes to the emotion-controlling centers of the inner brain.
Egas Moniz developed this psychosurgery in the 1930s.
lobotomy
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a neurosurgeon would shock the patient into a coma, hammer an ice-pick through the top of each eye socket into the brain, and wiggle it to sever connections running up to the frontal lobes.
Produced a permanently lethargic, immature, uncreative person
_________ therapies differ from psychodynamic therapies in many ways including their focus on: ____ _____ ______.
1.a. humanistic therapies
b. insight therapies
c. psychoanalysis
2. a. growth, the present, and the conscious mind
b. interpretation, the past, and the unconscious mind
c. interpretation, the present, and the conscious mind
1. a. Humanistic therapies
2. a. growth, the present, and the conscious mind
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________ conditioning helps you learn what you should not do; it creates a negative response to a harmful stimulus.
a. behavior
b. aversive
c. exposure
Aversive conditioning
pg 519
_________ __________ is a bio-medical therapy for severely depressed patients in which a brief electric current is sent through the brain of an anesthetized patient.
electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)
pg 536
Positive psychological changes following a struggle with extremely challenging circumstances and life crises.
Many cancer survivors have reported a greater appreciation for life, increased personal strength, and changed priorities.
Posttraumatic growth
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