Memory & Amnesia
This type of amnesia strikes after injury — you can recall old memories but can't make new ones.
What is anterograde amnesia?
Damage here disrupts the relay between memory structures — it's a curved white-matter tract.
What is the fornix?
In TLE, a patient remains conscious but experiences localized seizure activity. This is called this type of seizure.
What is a focal seizure with awareness?
This is the section of a research paper where you find the 'big question' the study is trying to answer.
What is the last paragraph of the introduction?
Eric Kandel's Nobel-winning research focused primarily on this type of memory — stored without conscious awareness.
What is implicit (non-declarative) memory?
Unlike a disorder, this inability to recall early childhood is completely normal and affects everyone.
What is infantile amnesia?
This structure releases acetylcholine and is critical for supporting attention and encoding memories.
What is the basal forebrain?
This brain region coordinates widespread network synchronization during generalized seizures.
What is the thalamus?
In a research paper, this section presents the raw data — you focus on figures and tables here.
What is the results section?
Hebb's rule — 'neurons that fire together, wire together' — describes the mechanism behind this phenomenon.
What is long-term potentiation (LTP)?
A patient fills in memory gaps with invented stories they believe are true. This symptom is called this.
What is confabulation?
Damage to these bodies, found at the base of the hypothalamus, disrupts memory consolidation pathways.
What are the mammillary bodies?
When multiple seizure medications fail, doctors may turn to this type of implanted treatment.
What is a neurostimulation device?
This database gives students access to scientifically reliable, peer-reviewed neuroscience articles.
What is PubMed?
These specialized hippocampal neurons fire when an animal is in a particular location, helping encode 'where' in episodic memory.
What are place cells?
Ribot's Law explains why this type of amnesia wipes out recent years while leaving childhood intact.
What is retrograde amnesia?
As we age, this prefrontal region shrinks, reducing our ability to plan, focus, and make decisions.
What is the prefrontal cortex?
These drugs reduce epileptic episodes by stabilizing electrical firing in the brain.
What are antiseizure (antiepileptic) medications?
Unlike a review article, this type of source reports data collected directly by the authors.
What is a primary source?
LTP was first demonstrated experimentally in this brain structure, which is central to memory formation.
What is the hippocampus?
Long-term alcohol abuse leads to low vitamin B1 and this syndrome, causing severe memory impairment.
What is Korsakoff syndrome?
Patient H.M. lost the ability to form new long-term memories after this structure was surgically removed on both sides.
What is the hippocampus?
Taking several antiseizure drugs at once can lower quality of life because of these two well-known side effects.
What are fatigue and cognitive impairment?
Scanning several of these before committing to one article helps you select the most relevant study.
What are abstracts?
This form of LTP requires two synapses to be active simultaneously, strengthening only co-active connections.
What is associative LTP?