Nervous Tissue
What happens in the integration function of the nervous system?
The brain/spinal cord process information provided by sensory receptors
Which nervous response is defined as “fight or flight”?
Sympathetic nervous response
If the spinal cord is transected at the waist level, what limbs would be affected?
The legs
How do you test the A part of the acronym FAST for stroke diagnosis?
Ask for the patient to raise both arms equally
Which portion of the brain accounts for 83% of its total mass?
The cerebrum
Which neurotransmitter has roles in wakefulness, appetite control, learning, and memory?
Histamine
Which CNS glial cell migrates toward injured neurons to clean up debris?
Microglia
What causes tissue death in an ischemic stroke?
A clot depriving the tissue of blood
What does the central cavity of the neural tube become after embryological development?
Ventricles for cerebrospinal fluid
What 3 major regions of the brain expand from the anterior end of the neural tube during development?
Forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain
What does the myelin sheath do to impulse transmission?
Speeds it up
Which kind of PNS glial cell forms the myelin sheath around peripheral nerve fibers?
Schwann cells
Which meningeal layer consists of two layers of fibrous connective tissue?
Dura mater
Which motor area of the cerebral cortex is only present in the dominant hemisphere and can lead to impaired speech if damaged?
Broca's Area
What are the four stages of an action potential?
Rest, depolarization, repolarization, and hyperpolarization
What creates resting membrane potential?
Differences in ion concentration between ECF (extracellular fluid) and ICF (intracellular fluid)
What does the blood-brain barrier created by astrocytes do?
Protects the CNS from substances in the cardiovascular system
What kind of spinal cord white matter communication goes towards the higher brain centers?
Ascending (Sensory, afferent)
What is the name for the collection of nerve roots at the inferior end of the vertebral canal?
Cauda equinae
What do electrical signals do on Nodes of Ranvier (gaps in the myelin sheath)?
Jump from node to node
What do axons do?
Conduct information from the neuron to the axon terminal
Which ion has high permeability which allows large amounts of it out when gated channels open?
Potassium
What is the name of the gray matter islands within white matter that are primarily involved in motor control?
Basal nuclei/basal ganglia
Which part of the cerebral cortex requires feedback from an individual’s social environment to develop?
Prefrontal Cortex/Anterior Association Area
What restores the ion balance and resting membrane potential at the end of hyperpolarization in an action potential?
Sodium-potassium pumps