Introduction to Biology
Name one property of life.
Order, Response to stimulus, reproduction, adaptation, growth and development, regulation, or energy processing
Which subatomic particle has a positive charge?
Proton
Water molecules have a polarity, which allows them to be electrically attracted to other water molecules and other polar molecules by weak chemical bonds known as _____.
Hydrogen Bonds
Name a polysaccharide and its functional role.
Cellulose = structural
Starch = storage
Glycogen = storage
Chitin = structural
An alpha helix is formed in which level of protein structure?
Secondary
Us humans are found in what kingdom?
Animalia
An uncharged atom of argon has an atomic number of 18 and an atomic mass of 40. This atom has _____ protons, _____ neutrons, and _____ electrons.
18; 22; 18
What is a base and how does it change the pH of a solution?
A base is a substance that removes H+ ions from a solution by adding OH- ions. The pH will go up.
Which class of macromolecules does not have true monomers?
Lipids
The presence of uracil is found in which nucleic acid?
RNA
Which of these levels of biological organization includes all of the others in the list: organelle, molecule, organism, atom?
Organism
Explain why argon, which is a noble gas, does not react with other elements.
Argon already has a filled valence electron shell. Atoms that have unpaired electrons in their valence shells will bond with other atoms to fulfill the octet rule.
Research indicates that ibuprofen, a drug used to relieve inflammation and pain, is a mixture of two enantiomers; what are enantiomers?
Molecules that are mirror images of each other.
What name is given to the following reaction?
glucose + glucose → maltose + water
Dehydration reaction
The shape of a protein is determined by _____.
a.the interaction between R-groups of a chain of amino acids
b.Hydrogen bonds along the backbone of the polypeptide
c.the sequence of amino acids
d.all of the above
d.all of the above
Which domain(s) contain prokaryotic cells?
Bacteria and Archaea
To create an ionic bond, you need the presence of cations and anions. How are cations and anions created?
Cations have donated electrons, resulting in the atom having more protons than electrons and giving rise to a positive charge. Anions have received electrons, resulting in the atom having less protons than electrons and giving rise to a negative charge.
Which functional group is nonpolar and acts as a marker?
Methyl
Name the bond holding monosaccharides together.
Glycosidic linkage.
Name the three components of a nucleotide.
A nitrogenous base, a pentose sugar, and one or more phosphate groups.
Explain the difference between these two terms: ecosystem and community
Community only corresponds to the living things (biotic) in a specific area. Ecosystem involves the interaction between living (biotic) and non-living (abiotic) things.
Explain the difference between nonpolar and polar covalent bonds while using the term electronegativity.
Nonpolar = atoms have similar electronegativity values; equal sharing of electrons; no charge
Polar = atoms have different electronegativity values; unequal sharing of electrons; partial charges result
Explain why ice floats in liquid water.
Stable hydrogen bonds keep water molecules of ice farther apart than water molecules of liquid water.
Explain the difference between unsaturated and saturated fats in regards to their molecular structure.
Saturated fatty acids have the maximum number of hydrogen atoms possible and no double bonds.
Unsaturated fatty acids have one or more double bonds, resulting in a bend.
List which classes of biological macromolecules are polar or nonpolar.
Carbohydrates = polar
Lipids = nonpolar
Proteins = polar/nonpolar
Nucleic acids = polar