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How many pairs of wings do Diptera have and what are halteres?
Dipterans have evolved to have only one pair of functional wings. Halteres are the reduced second pair of wings and function as stabilizers or airspeed detectors.
Name the mouthparts that penetrate the skin during feeding?
Maxilla, Mandible, Labrum, Hypopharynx
What factor is necessary for mosquito eggs to hatch?
Water
Where do female Diptera deposit their young?
Females often deposit their young into water, carrion, dung, fruits or infrequently into living animals.
Describe the functions of the labrum and Hypopharynx.
Labrum: detect blood with probes with receptors
Hypopharynx: works with labrum to form a straw-like structure that pumps saliva after penetration
How do males and females feeding habits differ and why?
Males eat nectar and honey dew of plants for sugar; most females take blood meal from variety of animals to acquire the protein needed to produce eggs, some can just feed nectar etc
What is the difference between Ovoviviparous and oviparous?
Ovoviviparous means that the Diptera hold eggs that have been provisioned with nutrients until after they hatch. Oviparous means that they deposit eggs into the environment with nutritional provisions to develop until they hatch.
What is a fascicle and what is it comprised of?
It is a term for a collection of stylets and it includes a pair of maxillae, a pair of mandibles, the labrium and hypopharynx.
Name and describe the different terms to describe insect feeding behavior
Anthropophagous feed on humans, zoophagic feed on non human animals, ornithophagous feed mainly on birds
What type of reproduction describes Diptera that gland feed and give live birth?
Adenotrophic Viviparity.
What do larvae feed on and with what mechanism?
Algae, plankton, fungi, through use small fan like brushes that filter the food particles toward mouth
OR
Can be predacious
How do female mosquitos locate hosts?
Detection of combination of carbon dioxide, skin volatiles in sweat, heat and infrared light
What are the components of insect saliva and what is the function of saliva?
1000+ proteins, anesthetic, anticoagulants lubricate the proboscis, dilate blood vessels --> to maintain blood flow and discretely bite
Describe the process of how males and female mosquitos reproduce
Males pass spermatheca to female, female can store and use to fertilize all of eggs in her lifetime
Describe methods of control for immature stages of mosquitos
Biological- using pathogenic or predatory entities to reduce populations; physical- removing standing water and covering standing water to keep mosquitos out; chemical control- applying oils to water surface, may drown larvae and pupae