CHAPTER 23
Artery vs Veins
Arteries carry blood away from the heart, while veins carry blood toward the heart
Inspiration vs expiration
Inspiration means air moves into the lungs, while expiration means air moves out of the lungs.
Name an accessory organ
salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas
What makes up the central nervous system (CNS)
Brain and brain stem
Name a bone in the axial skeleton
Skull, ribs, vertebrae
What is the difference between pulmonary and systemic circulation?
Pulmonary = lungs, Systemic = body
What muscle is responsible for breathing?
Diaphragm
What tube connects the mouth to the stomach?
Esophagus
What do myelin sheaths do?
Speeds conduction (saltatory conduction)
Name an example of a hinge joint in the body.
Elbow or knee
What type of blood (oxygenated vs deoxygenated) returns to the heart?
Deoxygenated blood
What happens to the diaphragm during inhalation?
It contracts and moves down
What is peristalsis?
Wave-like movement of food to push food down
Which division of the NS is fight or flight?
Sympathetic
How do skeletal muscles move bones?
By contracting and pulling on bones
What is an atrioventricular valve?
A valve located between the atria and ventricles that prevents backflow of blood into the atria
What is the last site of the respiratory system
The alveolis
What are the lipid soluble vitamins?
K, A, D, E
During an action potential, which ion moves into the cell and which moves out?
Na⁺ moves into the cell, and K⁺ moves out of the cell
What is the difference between rods and cones?
Rods = low light, cones = color/detail
Trace blood flow from the right atrium
RA → RV → lungs → LA → LV → body
How does CO₂ affect breathing rate?
High CO₂ increases breathing rate
Stomach and Small Intestine
What is a synapse?
The junction between two neurons where signals are passed using neurotransmitters
What structure controls balance?
Semicircular canals