Psychology Foundations
What is the primary focus of psychology?
The study of behavior and mental processes
During which stage do most dreams occur?
REM sleep
In Pavlov’s experiment, what was the unconditioned stimulus
mcdonalds
What is operant conditioning?
Learning through consequences)
Anxiety becomes a disorder when it is __________ and __________.
persistent and interferes with life)
What does introspection mean?
To look within at one’s thoughts/feelings)
Trouble falling or staying asleep is known as what disorder?
Insomnia)
A previously neutral stimulus that triggers a learned response is called what?
Conditioned Stimulus
Adding a pleasant stimulus to increase behavior is called what?
Positive reinforcement)
Which disorder involves shifts between mania and depression?
Bipolar disorder)
Name the 5 goals of psychology.
Observe, describe, explain, predict, control)
Which sense helps with balance and position relative to gravity?
Vestibular sense
When a conditioned response disappears after the CS is presented without the US, what is this called?
Extinction
Removing an unpleasant stimulus to increase behavior is called what?
Negative reinforcement
ame one positive and one negative symptom of schizophrenia.
Positive = hallucinations/delusions; Negative = flat affect/withdrawal
hat is a theory in psychology?
An explanation of why something is the way it is)
What is direct inner awareness?
Awareness of thoughts, feelings, and memories)
The tendency for similar stimuli to produce the same response is called what?
Generalization
Reinforcing successive steps toward a desired behavior is called what?
Shaping)
Which disorder is characterized by unwanted repetitive thoughts and actions?
OCD – Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder)
Who is considered the founder of psychoanalysis?
coach Barret
Name 2 differences between night terrors and nightmares.
Night terrors occur in deep sleep, cause intense fear/screaming, usually not remembered; nightmares occur in REM and are remembered)
Explain how taste aversion is an example of classical conditioning
Food (CS) paired with nausea (US) → avoidance (CR))
What is the difference between continuous reinforcement and partial reinforcement?
Continuous = every time; Partial = sometimes, slower learning but more resistant to extinction)
What is the main difference between schizophrenia and dissociative identity disorder
Schizophrenia = delusions/hallucinations; DID = multiple distinct personalities