plant divisions
Organize from most evolutionarily primitive to most advanced: Ferns & Horsetails – Angiosperms – Gymnosperms – bryophytes
bryophytes, ferns & horsetails, gymnosperms, angiosperms
What are meristematic cells capable of doing?
cell division
What is the job of root hairs?
Increase area of soil accessible for water & mineral uptake
True or False? If false make true: Monocots can produce true wood
False, they cannot
Waxy layer on surfaces, prevent water loss of pathogen entry
cuticle
Who was the founder of the classification system?
Carl Linneaus
cortex and pith
What is the rhizosphere?
soil directly influenced by root secretions and associated microbiota (root microbiome)
external part of trunk, includes unclogged secondary xylem and secondary phloem, water and sugar transport
sapwood
What modification is used to attract pollinating organisms?
What is the difference between bryophytes vs ferns
Bryophytes: No vascular system, no seeds
Ferns: Vascular system present, no seeds
What tissue is made of of dead Sclerenchyma cells?
Xylem tissue
Pores in periderm of the stem to allow O2 into stem
Lenticels
What are xylem rays?
living cells that transport waste from sapwood to heartwood
What does the stamen consist of?
Male reproductive parts (anther and fillament)
Difference between gymnosperms and angiosperms
gymnosperms: Produce seeds, not protected w/in ovary
angiosperms: Produce seeds, protected w/in ovary
Contain H2O, water soluble pigments and toxins, and facilitates cell elongation
vacuole
What stem modification is below ground, allowing plants to spread laterally (also food storage)
Rhizomes
What is diffuse porous wood used for? (large vessel elements distributed sparsely throughout annual growth)
Uniform H2O uptake
What is the difference between a monoecious plant and a dioecious plant?
monoecious: male and female imperfect flowers on one plant
Dioecious: male and female imperfect flowers on different plants
List differences between monocots and dicots for root structure, how they are attached, and location of stomata
monocot: net root, attached at sheath, both sides of the leaf
dicot: tap root, attached at petiole, underside of the leaf
What contains sugars and starches and is used to store energy?
Leucoplasts
True or false? If false, make true: Thorns are a leaf modification for protection.
False, thorns are a stem modification for protection
What are the differences between animal fibers and plant fibers?
Plant: Composed of cellulose, Does not denature when boiled, Does not accept dyes, Susceptible to bacteria and fungi
Animals: Composed of protein, Denatures when boiled, Does accept dyes, Susceptible to silverfish and moths
Protects developing embryo after fertilization, ripens to fruit
ovary