Critical Criminology
Do Critical Criminologists utilize the conflict or consensus model?
Conflict Model
True or False: There is an agreed upon definition of White-Collar Crime
False
This outlines that individuals must give up a portion of their rights in return for protection by the state
Social Contract
State criminologists must use ________ to study crimes committed by the state. This approach includes social harms that may not be covered by international law.
Zemiology
"I know that torture is technically against the rules, but my boss told me I had to do it"
This is an example of which Technique of Neutralization?
Denial of Responsibility
According to Marx, this class is the working class
Proletariat
He is known as the father of White Collar Crime
Edwin Sutherland
ISIS is an example of what type of state?
Proto State
When we make decisions, we often lack access to all the knowledge needed to make a purely rational decision. As a result, we act on ________ rationality
This theory best explains how child soldiers are socialized into the group
Social Learning Theory
What is an example of an extra-legal factor that may impact criminal justice decision making?
Race
Class
Gender
True or False: White-Collar offenders are more likely to be older
True
For Green and Ward, what is the standard used to define state criminality?
Human Rights
Tactics used by the U.S. following 9/11 (Detention in Guantanamo Bay, Torture, Drone Strikes) represent a suspension of international law in the name of national security. This suspension is known as a state of _______.
Exception
For Routine Activity Theorists, a pair of large men's boots or a "Beware of Dog" sign acts as what?
Capable Guardian
Policing strategies that include placing heavy foot patrols in small geographic areas, usually within inner-cities is known as _____ _____ policing.
Hot Spot
True or False: White-Collar crimes are more likely to be committed for less than a year
False
State _________ corporate crime occur when states create laws that allow for wrongdoing and crimes (When regulatory laws are too lax)
Ex.) Fire at the Hamlet poultry processing plant
Facilitated
This occurs when the thoughts and interests of the ruling class become "common sense" to the general public. As a result, we often do not question tactics being used by the state, as we cannot conceive of any other viable answer.
Example: National Security after 9/11
Hegemony
These are used to explain offender rationalizations of crime AFTER it has been committed
Techniques of Neutralization
Racial disparities in drug arrests increased after policy makers shifted their attention to this drug
Crack cocaine
For Sutherland, to be a White-Collar Crime, the crime must happen during the course of what?
One's Occupation
States were first held criminality liable at this historical event
The Nuremberg Trials
This legislation (created directly after 9/11) allows for phone tapping, warrantless searches, indefinite detention and deportation, and library record tracking if one is suspected of terrorism
USA Patriot Act
A community in which neighbors know each other and are able to control crime using informal social controls has high levels of _______ _______.
Collective Efficacy