Intro to A&P
Which organ is surrounded by the pericardial membrane?
The heart
What is the monomer of a carbohydrate?
Monosaccharide
What effect does cholesterol have on the cell membrane?
It makes it more rigid
What is the name of an epithelial tissue consisting of three layers of flat cells?
Stratified squamous epithelium
What is the difference between exons and introns?
Exons are coding regions, introns are non-coding regions.
What is an example of a positive feedback system in the body?
- Blood clotting
- Oxytocin production during labor
Name 2 functions of lipids.
Long-term energy storage, insulation, cushioning, steroids.
Name a type of active and a type of passive cell transport.
Active: transport proteins, exocytosis, endocytosis
Passive: simple diffusion, osmosis, facilitated diffusion
What is an example of a holocrine gland?
Sebaceous/oil glands
What are the three parts of the central dogma?
DNA -> mRNA -> Protein
Name 2 major survival needs.
1. Oxygen
2. Water
3. Appropriate atmospheric pressure
4. Normal body temp.
5. Nutrients
Describe the function of enzymes.
They speed up reactions by lowering the activation energy.
Facilitated diffusion: along concentration gradient (high -> low)
Transport proteins: against concentration gradient (low -> high)
Name 2 differences between skeletal muscle and smooth muscle.
Skeletal: multinucleate, striated, voluntary
Smooth: single nucleus, no striations, involuntary
Are the glycerol heads in the cell membrane hydrophilic or hydrophobic?
Hydrophilic
Fill in the blanks:
Atom ->_____ -> Cell -> _______ -> Organ -> Organ system -> _______
Organelle, Tissue, Organism
Which nitrogenous bases pair with each other in RNA?
A + U
C + G
Describe what happens to a cell when it is placed in each of these solutions:
1) Isotonic
2) Hypertonic
3) Hypotonic
1) Nothing; dynamic equilibrium
2) Cell shrinks
3) Cell swells/bursts
What are the functions of red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets?
RBC: oxygen transportation
WBC: immune response
Platelets: clot formation
What is the function of serous fluid?
Prevents friction between membranes
Name and describe the 3 planes of the body.
Sagittal - left/right
Frontal/coronal - ventral/dorsal
Transverse - superior/inferior
What are the functions of the three types of RNA?
(mRNA, rRNA, tRNA)
mRNA: transcribes DNA into RNA
rRNA: makes up ribosome
tRNA: brings amino acids to the ribosome for protein synthesis
What are the subphases of interphase and mitosis in order?
G0 -> G1 -> S -> G2
Prophase -> Metaphase -> Anaphase -> Telophase -> Cytokinesis
Why is simple squamous epithelium found in the capillaries and alveoli (lungs)?
Molecules can easily pass through the thin layer.
What is the difference between anatomy and physiology?
anatomy = structure
physiology = function