Unit 1
Extremely difficult to achieve
What does arduous mean?
To strive to imitate or approach equality with
What does emulate mean?
The state of currently occupying an office
What does incumbency mean?
A state of society in which diverse groups participate
What does pluralism mean?
An incorrect term used to describe or designate something
What does misnomer mean?
The key point the author is trying to make
What is the central idea?
The art of persuasion
What is rhetoric?
Sentences, paragraphs, chapters, and sections
What are structural elements?
An indirect reference to a person, object, event, or literary work that is widely recognized
What is an allusion?
A way of structuring logical arguments using five primary components
What is the Toulmin Model of Argument?
Briefly covering the most essential points, or central ideas, of a text piece
What is an objective summary?
Looking for current and credible information
What is finding sources?
The parts of a text that highlight or emphasize important content
What are formatting features?
The essay equivalent of a topic sentence in a paragraph
What is a thesis statement?
The “hook" that engages the audience
What is an attention grabber?
The use of quotations, paraphrases, and summaries
What is evidence?
Terms specific to a content area or sphere of activity or knowledge
What is domain-specific vocabulary?
When the author triggers the commonly shared emotions in the audience to convince the audience of the claim
What is pathos?
The juxtaposition of words or ideas; to place them in relation to each other
What is antithesis?
The act of influencing those who make decisions on law or public policy in order to improve society, further equality, or advance the cause of an organization or group of people
What is public advocacy?
The proper writing tone used in academic journal articles or studies, instruction manuals, textbooks, and biographies
What is formal information style?
Taking a large amount of information or a highly complex description of an idea and condensing it into its main points
What is summarizing?
Provide links and connections between multiple ideas, paragraphs, and sentences
What do transitions do?
Claims that run counter—or in the opposite direction—to a writer's stated position on the issue
What are counterclaims?
Correcting errors in spelling, grammar, usage, and punctuation
What is the editing step?