Chapter 1: Foundations of Communication
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Chapter 2: Ethical Public Speaking
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Chapter 2: Ethical Public Speaking
Appeals based upon the character of the speaker
Ethos
The physical sensation of sound waves bouncing off an eardrum.
hear
Demographic Profiles
Psychographic Profiles
Cultural Considerations
background of the audience
Facts or occurrences represented numerically.
Statistic
A leadership style in which the leader makes decisions by themselves.
Authoritarian leadership
Ethical Listening is Open and Attentive
Ethical Listening is Critical
Ethical Listening Cultivates Constructive Dialogue
Three Principles of Ethical Listening
The Listeners’ Purposes
The Listeners’ Knowledge and Interest Levels
The Listeners’ Command of Listening Skills
The Listeners’ Attitudes
The Listeners’ Cultural Backgrounds
The Listeners’ Surroundings
factors that affect listening
Background information about your source that establishes its credibility and provides rationale for its use.
Qualifier
#1: Pick a topic that is not over your listeners’ heads
#2: Pick a topic that is not too personal
#3: Pick an intriguing topic
#4: Pick topics that are manageable
#5: Pick a topic that has substance
rules for choosing a topic
Motivating team members using a system of rewards and punishments.
Transactional leadership
Communication has both verbal and nonverbal components. You cannot not communicate. Communication expresses both content and relationship. Communication is irreversible. Communication is a neutral tool. Communication is a learned skill. Communication takes place in physical and psychological contexts.
Propositions of Communication
Inadequate positive reinforcement
Poor skill development
Inadequate or poor models
causes for communication apprehension
Authority
Accuracy
Objectivity
Currency
Diversity
criteria for credibility
Statements used during a presentation to recall what you have just said.
Internal summaries
Procedural conflict
Role conflict
Interpersonal conflict
Ideational conflict
Types of Team Conflict
Linguistic Choices
Speech Structure
Persuasive Appeals
Speech Construction
holding yourself to rigid rules
feeling conspicuous
being unprepared
fearing evaluation
causes for stage fright
The identities and roles you invite the audience to adopt through the language you use in the speech.
Rhetorically constructed audience
Am I following my script exactly as I practiced?
Did I say the year for that source?
Did I say the correct statistic?
Am I using professional language?
message-focused delivery
Look like you enjoy the topic and each other.
Don’t talk over your teammates.
Quarterback questions and no second guessing.
Relax and have fun!
Presenting as a Team
Any condition that affects the fidelity of the message being sent
frowns, smiles, and other nonverbal feedback from the audience
backchannel cues
What specific needs should you address with this audience?
How should you adjust your message for your specific audience?
customization
A one-sentence, declarative statement that expresses the main argument of the speech. What you want the listener to agree with by the end of your presentation.
Thesis statement
Having more information.
Stimulating creativity.
A system of checks.
Engaging in a better decision-making process.
Division of labor.
Motivation.
Advantages of working in teams