Byzantine Empire
The Eastern Church is also known as the
Orthodox Church
In the ____ Century, the ______ conquered Syria, Palestine, and Egypt
7th; Muslims
What is the difference between Malawis and Dhimmis?
Malawi - those who converted to Islam
Dhimmi - Christians and Jews who did not convert to Islam
Name the three caliphates of the Islamic Empire
Orthodox Caliphate
Umayyad Caliphate
Abbasid Caliphate
When did the M?uslim calendar begin and why is that year significant
622; the year of escape (heriga) when Muhammad had to flee from Mecca
Name the three levels of Byzantine society and give an example of each
Upper class: aristocracy and high-ranking church officials
Middle class: clergy, civil servants, wealthy businessmen, and free farmers
Lower class: serfs and slaves
Who conquered the Byzantine Empire and when was it conquered?
What was the Greek name for the position of emperor in the Byzantine Empire?
Basileus
In what caliphate did the Islamic empire reach its maximum size and how far did it extend? (Name the general places marking its boundary)
Umayyad caliphate: west to North Africa and Iberian Peninsula, east to Turkestan and the Indus Valley
Explain why this statement is wrong: Muslim Society was very homogenous
Religions present: Judaism, Christianity, Islam
Ethnic diversity: Arabs, Berbers, and slaves of different races
The most famous example of Byzantine architecture is the
Hagia Sofia (also the Basilica of San Vitale in Ravenna)
The empire reached its peak in the _____ century under ______.
6th; Justinian I
What was the name of the code of laws of the Byzantine Empire?
Corpus Iuris Civilis
Who were the two people who ran the government in the Islamic Empire? Which one was the religious leader?
The Caliph (religious leader) and the vizier
What happened every Friday at noon? Where? Who went?
Collective prayer in the main mosque; men were obliged to go
Describe the Iconoclastic Controversey
-Some emperors prohibited the worship of sacred images (icons) to reduce the power of monasteries
What does latifundia mean?
Large estates that belonged to nobility and to the monasteries, and were farmed by serfs
Name at least three things found in the Medina
-citadel
-main mosque
-souk (marketplace)
-public baths
-grain exchanges
What were the two types of taxes that inhabitants of the Islamic Empire paid?
1. Tax based on how much land they own
2. Tax based on religion (no tax if they converted to Islam)
The capital of the Islamic Empire was moved to ______ in the Umayyad Caliphate and to ______ in the Abbasid Caliphate
Damascus; Baghdad
Why was Constantinople's location important?
It is located at the intersection of the trade routes between Europe and Asia
Name an example of commerce being traded in Constantinople from China, India, and Northern Europe
China: Silks
India: Ivory and pearls
Northern Europe: Skins and wheats
What were the estates called that were located outside of the suburbs in the Islamic empire?
Almunias
Provinces; emir; wali
In 751, _______ established the _____ Dynasty, which had its golden age under his son _______.
Pepin the Short; Carolingian; Charlemagne