Basic Biology
What is the hierarchy of life
organelles, cells, tissues, organs and organ systems, organisms and populations, ecosystems, biosphere
What are the essential elements of life
carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen
What are the 4 emergent properties of water
cohesion, moderation of temperature, expansion upon freezing, and versatility as a solvent
What are the four major classes
carbs, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids
What is is called when something contains both hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions?
Amphipathic
What are the six properties all organisms possess
uptake and processing or nutrients, excretion of waste, maintain homeostasis, growth and reproduction, adaptation and evolution, and order
What is a covalent bond
sharing of a pair of valence electrons, strong bond
What is cohesion
bonding of a high percentage of molecules to neighboring molecules
What is the result of dehydration synthesis
larger molecules
What has different effects on membrane fluidity
what are emergent properties
when two components combine and the result has different characteristics
What is an enantiomer
molecule that shares a chemical formula and bonds but differ in 3D placement of atoms
What makes water a versatil solvent
its polarity
What does starch consist of
glucose monomers
How do the four different types of molecules pass through the lipid bylayer?
Small hydrophobic, small uncharged polar, large uncharged polar, ions
Which kingdoms are part of eukarya
protista, plantae, fungi, and animalia
When does a hydrogen bond form
when a hydrogen atom covalently bonded to an electronegative atom is also attracted to another electronegative atom
What is a buffer
Describe unsaturated fatty acids
one or more double bonds, kinky, liquid at room temp
What are the two types of facilitated transport proteins
channel and carrier proteins
Give an example of inductive reasoning
example
What functional group is -COOH
Carboxyl
Describe when heat is released and absorbed in water
absorbed with hydrogen bonds break, released when hydrogen bonds form
What are the purines
Adenine and guanine
What are the role of aquaporins
allow for the bulk transport of water across the hydrophobic plasma membrane