Injury
Quadriplegia
Spinal nerve paralysis of all 4 limbs.
Ligand-gated channels
When the ligand (ACH) binds onto the outside of the protein, the pore opens and lets ions go through.
Ionotropic receptor
A channel that opens when a neurotransmitter binds to it.
Ganglion
Cluster of cell bodies outside of the CNS.
Neural integration
Input from multiple sources, integrated, and executed output.
Paresis
Damage of a sensory or motor neuron. Partial paralysis.
Mechanically gated channels
When there's pressure outside of the channel, the gate opens. When a mechanical change occurs around the tissue.
5 Nerve Plexuses
Carry sensory signals from bones, joints, muscles, and skin, the motor function is to stimulate muscle contraction.
White matter
Myelinated axons, carry signals from one part of the CNS to another.
Locomotion
Repetitive, coordinated contractions of several muscle groups in the limbs.
Hemiplegia
Spinal cord paralysis on left or right side of the body.
Voltage gated channels
Open when the transmembrane voltage changes. Example: Action Potential
Proprioception
Brain receives info about body position and movement from nerve endings in muscles tendons, and joints.
Gray matter
Neuron cells bodies, site of info processing, synaptic integration.
Reflex
Fast, involuntary, stereotyped emotions to stimuli.
Paraplegia
Spinal cord paralysis on both lower limbs
Leakage channels
Ions move randomly through the gate.
Dermatome
A specific area of the skin that receives sensory input from a pair of spinal nerves.
Meninges
3 Fibrous connective tissue membranes that enclose the brain and spinal cord.
Conduction
Nerve fibers that conduct info up and down the cord, connecting different parts of the trunk with each other and the brain.
Multiple Sclerosis
Autoimmune disease; body attacks oligodendrocytes which make myelin in the CNS. This causes the action potential to slow down.
Glial cells of the CNS
Oligodendrocytes, Microglia, Ependymal Cells, Astrocytes
Inter-ventricular foramen and Cerebral aqueduct
Connects ventricles 1 and 2 (lateral) ; connects ventricles 3 and 4
Segment
Part of the spinal cord supplied by each pair of spinal nerves.
Spinal cord