Cellular Respiration
What is the final electron acceptor in aerobic cellular respiration?
a. glucose
b. pyruvate
c. oxygen
d. water
c. oxygen
DNA replications occurs...
a. only before mitosis
b. only before meiosis
c. during G2
d. before both mitosis and meiosis
d. before both mitosis and meiosis
True or False.
In eukaryotic cells, pre-mRNA is modified into mature mRNA by the addition of a 5' cap, a poly-A tail, and RNA splicing where exons are removed.
False
Which of the following stages of mitosis is incorrectly paired?
a. PROPHASE - DNA is replicated
b. METAPHASE - chromosomes line up along the imaginary equatorial plane
c. ANAPHASE - sister chromatids separate and become chromosomes
d. TELOPHASE - the nuclear envelope forms around each set of chromosomes
a. PROPHASE - DNA is replicated
Which comes immediately after S phase in the cell cycle?
a) G1
b) G2
c) mitosis
d) cytokinesis
b) G2
The equation for cellular respiration is as follows:
C6H1206 + 6O2 -> 6CO2 + 6 H2O + ENERGY.
Which molecule is oxidized?
C6H1206
All of the following statements are true regarding DNA synthesis except. . .
a. RNA polymerase is the main DNA-replicating enzyme
b. DNA replication is necessary for cell division
c. DNA replication takes place inside the nucleus in Eukaryotes
d. DNA replication is always semiconservative
a. RNA polymerase is the main DNA-replicating enzyme
An amino acid is encoded by a ____ which is a DNA or RNA sequence of three _____.
a. codon, nucleotides
b. gene; bases
c. nucleotides; proteins
d. chromosome; codons
a. codon, nucleotides
Which phase of MITOSIS do sister chromatids become chromosomes?
a. prophase
b. prometaphase
c. metaphase
d. anaphase
e. telophase
f. cytokinesis
d. anaphase
Crossing over occurs during:
a. prophase I
b. prophase II
c. metaphase I
d. metaphase II
a. prophase I
Which statement about glycolysis is true?
a. it uses an electrochemical gradient
b. it produces CO2
c. it makes the most ATP compared to the other steps in aerobic cellular respiration
d. it occurs in the cytosol
d. it occurs in the cytosol
The replication of DNA involves:
a. the complete separation of the original strands, the synthesis of new strands, and the reassembly of the original double stranded molecules
b. each of the original strands of DNA act as a template for a new strand
c. only one of the original strands acts as a template for a new strand
d. the combination of the original template strand and new strand nucleotides
b. each of the original strands of DNA act as a template for a new strand
Which of the following statements about tRNAs is false?
a. the three-dimensional structure of tRNA results from hydrogen bonding between complementary bases
b. tRNAs bind physically to mRNA
c. tRNAs contain the codon that codes for an amino acid
d. tRNAs bind to one and only one amino acid
c. tRNAs contain the codon that codes for an amino acid
Mitosis:
From the pole to the chromosome, what is the correct order?
a) centrosome, microtubule, kinetochore, chromosome
b) microtubule, kinetochore, chromosome, centrosome
c) centrosome, kinetochore, microtubule, chromosome
d) centrosome, kinetochore, chromosome, microtubule
a) centrosome, microtubule, kinetochore, chromosome
How and at what stage is independent assortment accomplished during meiosis?
a) pairing of homologs during meiosis I
b) separation of homologs during anaphase II
c) separation of homologs during meiosis II
d) metaphase alignment during meiosis I
e) telophase separation during meiosis I
d) metaphase alignment during meiosis I
What do cells require to sustain high rates of glycolysis under anaerobic conditions?
a) functioning mitochondria
b) oxygen
c) oxidative phosphorylation of ATP
d) NAD+
e) all of the above
d) NAD+
A strand of DNA with the sequence 5' ATTCCG 3' would have a complementary strand with the following sequence...
a. 5' CGGAAT 3'
b. 5' GCCTTA 3'
c. 5' ATTCCG 3'
d. 5' TAAGGC 3'
a. 5' CGGAAT 3'
Why is it important to identify the promoter region first before the transcription process can start?
a. It is where the RNA polymerase binds to so the reading of the bases can start
b. It provides the necessary enzyme needed for the transcription to proceed
c. It removes the cap that regulates the transcription process
d. It provides the template which will serve as the pattern to be transcribed
a. It is where the RNA polymerase binds to so the reading of the bases can start
Which best describes the kinetochore?
a) a structure composed of several proteins that associate with the centromere region of a chromosome and that can bind to spindle microtubules
b) the centromere region of a metaphase chromosome where the DNA can bind with spindle proteins
c) the array of vesicles that will form between two dividing nuclei and give rise to the metaphase plate
d) the ring of actin microfilaments that will cause the appearance of the cleavage furrow
e) the core of proteins that forms the cell plate in a dividing plant cell
a) a structure composed of several proteins that associate with the centromere region of a chromosome and that can bind to spindle microtubules
In the gametogenesis of egg cells...
a. four egg cells are produced
b. occurs in the testes
c. creates one polar body
d. occurs once a month
d. occurs once a month
The immediate energy source that drives ATP synthesis by ATP synthase during oxidative phosphorylation is the
a. flow of electrons down the electron transport chain.
b. H+ concentration across the membrane holding ATP synthase.
c. affinity of oxygen for electrons.
d. oxidation of glucose and other organic compounds.
b. H+ concentration across the membrane holding ATP synthase.
How do the leading and the lagging strands differ?
a) The leading strand is synthesized in the same direction as the movement of the replication fork, whereas the lagging strand is synthesized in the opposite direction.
b) The leading strand is synthesized at twice the rate of the lagging strand.
c) The lagging strand is synthesized continuously, whereas the leading strand is synthesized in short fragments that are ultimately stitched together.
d) The leading strand is synthesized by adding nucleotides to the 3′ end of the growing strand, whereas the lagging strand is synthesized by adding nucleotides to the 5′ end.
a) The leading strand is synthesized in the same direction as the movement of the replication fork, whereas the lagging strand is synthesized in the opposite direction.
What is the role of transfer RNA (tRNA) during translation?
a. It carries the genetic code from the DNA in the nucleus to the ribosome.
b. It catalyzes the formation of peptide bonds between amino acids.
c. It transports amino acids to the ribosome and matches them to the coded mRNA message.
d. It signals the ribosome to stop translation and release the newly formed protein.
c. It transports amino acids to the ribosome and matches them to the coded mRNA message.
From prophase through metaphase of mitosis, each chromosome has _____ DNA molecules, while from anaphase through telophase of mitosis, each chromosome has _____ DNA molecule(s).
a) two; one
b) 2n; 1n
c) homologous; nonhomologous
d) condensed; decondensed
e) non-sister chromatid; sister chromatid
a) two; one
A cell with 10 chromosomes undergoes meiosis. ____ daughter cells are produced, each with ___ chromosomes.
4; 5