Mitosis
What are the 3 stages of interphase?
G1-Cell grows and performs normal cell functions
S-Cell DNA is duplicated
G2-Cell grows and prepares for cell division
At the end of meiosis I, the cells are called what since they have half of the original number of chromosome?
Haploid
Whar type of allele masks the effect of another allele?
Dominant
What is it called when a person has a copy of a recessive allele but does not show the trait?
Carrier
This type of color vision has a nonfunctional green cone.
Deuteranopia
What organelles produce spindle fibers during mitosis?
Centrosomes / centrioles
A tetrad is how many chromatids aligned during Prophase I?
4
What is the genetic makeup of an organism called?
Genotype
Mendel’s law that says that each parent contributes only one of its two alleles to its offspring.
Law of segregation
What color of photopins genes are located on the X-chromosome?
Red and green
A human cell with 46 chromosomes undergoes mitosis. Each daughter cell has how many chromosomes?
46
What process allows homologous chromosomes to exchange genetic material?
Crossing over
What is the observable characteristics of an organism called?
Phenotype
A dihybrid cross between 2 heterozygous individuals will result in what kind of ratio?
9:3:3:1
Most mammals have this type of color vision.
Protanopia
What chromosome components gets separated during metaphase?
Identical Sister Chromatids
Out of the four resulting daughter cells, how many of those daughter cells will be affected by nondisjunction I?
4
What is it called when an organism has two identical alleles?
Homozygous
Genes located close together on the same chromosome tend to be inherited together are called what?
Linked genes
Chromosome 7
List and describe the 5 major phases of Mitotic cell division
1.Prophase - chromatin condenses, nucleolus disappears
2.Metaphase - chromosomes align along metaphase plate
3.Anaphase - sister chromatids separate and are pulled towards opposite poles
4.Telophase - new nuclear envelope form around each chromosome set
5.Cytokinesis - cytoplasm divides into 2 daughter cells
How many possible combinations of DNA can be made from any given fertilization of a human zygote from the same parents?
Functionally infinite
Heterozygous parents of an dominant autosomal trait are having a child. What is the likelihood that the child will have the same genotype as the parents?
50%
List and describe the 3 types of genetic dominance
1.Complete Dominance-when the dominant allele completely masks the recessive allele
2.Incomplete Dominance-neither allele is dominant over the other, results in a phenotype that is a mix of the 2 phenotypes
3.Codominance-both alleles are separately expressed in the offspring (not mixed)
During what phase of meiosis most likely caused the mutation for protanomaly and deuteranomaly?
Prophase I