Genetic Variation
Genetic Variation in Populations
Populations Structure and Genetic Drift
Natural Selection and Adaptations
Theory of Natural Selection
100
This is a mutation that maps to a single gene locus; also sometimes refers to single base pair substitutions.
What is a point mutation?
100
p^2;2pq;q^2
What is Hardy-Weinberg principle?
100
This is a random fluctuation of allele frequencies from one generation to the next.
What is genetic drift?
100
This is a character that is co-opted for a new use.
What is exaptation?
100
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What is absolute fitness?
200
This is composed of introns, spacer regions between genes, and various repeated sequence elements.
What is "Junk" DNA.
200
This is when two alleles are identical by descent.
What is autozygosity?
200
This is when an allele reaches a frequency of 1.0 and is the only version of that allele present in the population.
What is fixation?
200
This is when one allele is linked to another at a certain loci, resulting in a change in frequency of that allele.
What is hitchhiking?
200
This type of selection doesn't alter the mean but decreases variance.
What is stabilizing selection?
300
This is when one mutation affects more than one trait.
What is pleiotrophy?
300
This value is "1" when there is complete inbreeding.
What is inbreeding coefficient?
300
This mathematical expression represents the probability that 2 alleles can be traced back to the same individual in previous generations.
What is 1/N?
300
This is a character whose origin can not be ascribed to the action of natural selection.
What is nonadaptation?
300
The average per capita lifetime contribution of individuals of a particular genotype to subsequent generations.
What is fitness?
400
This type of point mutation results when a purine is substituted for a pyrimidine or vice versa.
What is transversion?
400
This theory states that populations have high levels of variation maintained by selection.
What is the balance theory?
400
This is the theory that different alleles have different effects on the phenotype and there are high levels of genetic variation in populations.
What is Neutral Theory of Molecular Evolution?
400
This requires looking at more than one independent study to pose or test a hypothesis on adaptation or other evolutionary phenomena.
What is the comparative method?
400
In this situation, an unstable equilibrium is reached, shifting allele frequency towards either p=0 or p=1.
What is underdominance?
500
This causes heart defects and cleft palate, among other things, and is due to a deletion on the 22nd chromosome that occurs during meiosis.
What is 22q11.2 deletion syndrome? -or- What is DiGeorge syndrome?
500
This rule states that there will be increasing body size closer to the poles
What is Bergmann's Rule?
500
This will be especially reduced when there are a small number of founders and the rate of population increase is low.
What is heterozygosity?
500
In guppies, this trait has a positive correlation with reproductive success in the absence of predators.
What is colored spots?
500
A mode of natural selection in which a lower genotype frequency in a population results in a higher fitness for that genotype.
What is inverse frequency-dependent selection? -or- What is negative frequency-dependent selection?
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