Vocabulary
When Martin Luther posted his 95 theses, it started this.
What is the Protestant Reformation?
Because of the ecological happenstance of sitting on top of this natural resource, Britain was able to break free of the biological old regime, despite Britain's initially relatively inefficient extractive processes.
What is coal?
Resulted in the Unequal Treaties.
This nation-state was created by the only slave rebellion in history to seize state power, end slavery, and end colonialism.
What is Haiti?
Anthropologist Benedict Anderson treats these as "imagined communities."
What are nations?
This treaty is regarded as foundational to the modern international order or nation-state system.
What is the Treaty of Westphalia.
Marx along with scholars in the Black Radical Tradition often treat these two systems as part of the "primitive accumulation" used to jumpstart Europe's industrial revolution.
What are slavery and colonialism?
Because the British did not have much else to trade with China, they forcibly imported this product, largely grown in India.
What is Opium?
According to Marx and Engels, this group of exploited wage laborers will change the course of history by seizing the means of production.
Who is the proletariat?
With one of its defining slogans being "workers of the world unite," this political philosophy seek to abolish private property.
What is communism?
European powers negotiated at the 1884-1885 Berlin Conference as part of this larger imperial process.
What is the Scramble for Africa?
According to Beckert, new modern forms of accounting, finance, labor discipline, logistics, and more arose from this system -- a system widely regarded as a crime against humanity.
What is slavery?
This private company, a proxy for the British crown's empire in India, was able to raise taxes, pass laws, and keep a military presence.
What is the British East India Company?
Rumors circulated amongst Indian soldiers of the BEIC that the British greased ammunition cartridges with these.
What are tallow and lard?
This economy traversed West Africa, Europe, and the Americas.
What is the Triangular Trade?
Marks's label for Europe's agricultural production, extraction, and value accumulation from its colonial possession of lands in the Americas.
What are "ghost acres"?
In the face of British industrialization and empire, India's cotton economy underwent this process.
What is de-industrialization?
Leopold extracted these resources from the Congo.
What are rubber and ivory?
This imperial power gained massive wealth from its colony, San Domingue. When this country's revolution began, it contributed to sparking a revolution in its most profitable colony.
What is France?
Informed by Enlightenment thought and containing new ideas about freedom and liberty, in this historical epoch, France overthrew its monarch while new countries were created in the Americas.
What is the Age of Revolutions?
Characteristics of this system include (but are not limited to): competitive markets, value accumulation, extraction of surplus from labor, and private property.
What is capitalism?
"The gap" or "Great Divergence" emerges around this year.
What is 1800?
The period in which New Imperialism occurs.
What is the second half of the nineteenth century and into the early twentieth?
What is the Sepoy Mutiny?
A distortion of evolutionary science, this ideology masked colonial domination by blaming some societies' relative economic poverty on "natural selection."
What is Social Darwinism?