Women's Health
Menarche is best defined as which event?
A. The first ovulation
B. The first menstrual period
C. The onset of menopause
D. The establishment of fertility
Correct Answer: B
Explanation:
Menarche refers specifically to the first menstrual period and marks the establishment of menstruation, typically occurring between ages 10–16.
Which statement accurately describes menopause?
A. It is a reversible hormonal condition
B. It begins abruptly with cessation of menses
C. It is an irreversible part of reproductive aging
D. It typically begins before age 40
Correct Answer: C
Explanation:
Menopause is an irreversible part of the aging process of the reproductive system and is preceded by perimenopause, with an average onset between 47–55 years.
A patient reports severe cramping during menstruation lasting 2–3 days each cycle. Which condition does the nurse suspect?
A. Menorrhagia
B. Dysmenorrhea
C. Amenorrhea
D. Endometriosis
Correct Answer: B
Explanation:
Dysmenorrhea is defined as painful menstruation lasting 48–72 hours and affects up to 85% of menstruating individuals, often impacting quality of life.
Which finding suggests secondary dysmenorrhea rather than primary dysmenorrhea?
A. Increased prostaglandin levels
B. Onset during adolescence
C. Pelvic pathology such as endometriosis
D. Pain that improves with NSAIDs
Correct Answer: C
Explanation:
Secondary dysmenorrhea is associated with underlying pelvic or uterine pathology, with endometriosis being the most common cause.
Infertility is clinically defined as failure to conceive after how long of unprotected intercourse?
A. 6 months
B. 9 months
C. 12 months
D. 18 months
Correct Answer: C
Explanation:
Infertility is defined as the inability to conceive after 1 year of regular, unprotected intercourse and affects approximately 1 in 6 people globally.
Which patient factor places a woman at highest risk for infertility?
A. Regular menstrual cycles
B. History of uterine fibroids
C. Use of barrier contraception
D. Early menarche
Correct Answer: B
Explanation:
Uterine fibroids can interfere with implantation and fertility and are a recognized risk factor for female infertility.
Which clinical finding most strongly supports a diagnosis of endometriosis?
A. Heavy vaginal discharge
B. Pelvic pain and infertility
C. Amenorrhea
D. Elevated prolactin levels
Correct Answer: B
Explanation:
Classic symptoms of endometriosis include pelvic pain, infertility, and ovarian masses, often accompanied by heavy or irregular menses.
Question 8 (Hard – Application/Priority)
Which diagnostic procedure is considered the gold standard for diagnosing endometriosis?
A. Pelvic ultrasound
B. CT scan
C. MRI
D. Laparoscopy
Correct Answer: D
Explanation:
Endometriosis is definitively diagnosed through laparoscopy, which also allows for therapeutic intervention such as excision of lesions.
A patient with PCOS asks how much weight loss may improve fertility. Which response by the nurse is most accurate?
A. “Weight loss has no effect on fertility.”
B. “You must reach a normal BMI to see improvement.”
C. “Even a 5–10% weight loss may improve hormone balance.”
D. “Only medication improves fertility in PCOS.”
Correct Answer: C
Explanation:
In PCOS, weight loss as little as 5–10% of total body weight can improve hormonal imbalance, ovulation, and fertility.
A multiparous patient is diagnosed with stage II uterine prolapse. What is the nurse’s priority role in management?
A. Recommend immediate surgery
B. Decide the treatment plan for the patient
C. Educate on options and support informed decision-making
D. Minimize discussion to reduce patient anxiety
Correct Answer: C
Explanation:
Nursing management emphasizes education, assessment of quality-of-life impact, outlining treatment options, and supporting patient-centered decision-making, not directing the choice.