Primary Goals of Science
A researcher studies the drinking habits of workers to identify those who will get promoted.
What is a prediction?
An example of this science starting point is "How accurate are eyewitness testimonies under conditions of stress?"
What is a Research Question?
A researcher uses participants in a study to gather financial information and then uses this information in their second job at an advertising agency.
What is Fidelity and Responsibility?
This problem is why correlation does not equal causation.
What is the Third Variable Problem?
A measurement for social anxiety and a measurement of hallucinations are not highly related (and they shouldn't be).
What is Discriminant Validity?
A researcher is studying whether prolonged social media use negatively impacts young adults' self esteem.
What is Determination of Cause?
While "Individuals with damage to the prefrontal cortex will exhibit impaired decision making" is an example of this science basic.
What is a Hypothesis?
A researcher publishes a study on the relationship between sleep and cognitive performance, but later discovers a significant error in the methodology that affects the results. However, they fail to issue a correction to the academic community.
What is Integrity?
A study that defines intelligence relative to head size is lacking this type of validity.
What is Construct Validity?
A new, unnamed self-esteem measure correlates with the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES)
What is Convergent Validity?
A researcher is interested in understanding why some people are more likely to engage in regular exercise while others are not.
What is to Understand/Explain?
A paper with all the trimmings: abstract, intro, methods, results, and conclusion.
What is an Empirical Article?
A researcher studying cognitive function after trauma subjects participants to intense physical stressors.
What is Beneficence and Nonmaleficence?
I am what you manipulate. My buddy is what you measure.
What is an Independent Variable?
A positive correlation between academic motivation in high school and success in college.
What is Predictive Validity?
A pharmaceutical company is testing a new drug to determine whether it is effective in treating OCD.
What is Determination of Cause?
"This I am not" says the magazine Psychology Today
In a clinical trial, participants from low-income communities are paid less for their participation than those from higher-income backgrounds, even though the tasks and time commitments are the same for both groups.
What is Justice?
I'm a laboratory experiment! What I lack in this I make up for with this.
What is External and Internal Validities?
A new ADHD rating scale is developed for children and evaluates ADHD in terms of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity.
What is Content Validity?
A criminologist is exploring crime trends in a major urban area.
What is Description?
I organize and explain specific facts and descriptions of behavior. I also generate new knowledge by focusing thinking to notice new aspects of behavior.
What is a Theory?
A researcher studying the effects of childhood trauma asks participants to disclose personal and sensitive experiences without ensuring strict confidentiality measures or explaining how their information will be protected.
What is Respect for Persons?
Temporal precedence, Covariation of cause and effect, and the elimination of plausible alternative explanations.
What are three things needed to determine cause and effect?
Specific anxiety disorder assessments are positively related to generalized anxiety disorder assessments.
What is Concurrent Validity?