Biochemistry
This type of bond forms when electrons are shared between atoms.
What is a covalent bond?
This organelle is the main site of aerobic cellular respiration.
What is the mitochondrion?
DNA is composed of repeating units called these.
What are nucleotides?
Homeostasis maintains this type of internal environment despite external changes.
What is a stable internal environment?
These molecules act as biological catalysts by lowering activation energy.
What are enzymes?
This stage of cellular respiration produces pyruvate and a net gain of 2 ATP.
What is glycolysis?
This enzyme adds RNA primers during DNA replication.
What is primase?
This hormone decreases blood glucose by promoting cellular uptake.
What is insulin?
This property of water allows it to dissolve many substances due to its polarity.
What is being a universal solvent?
This molecule acts as the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain.
What is oxygen?
This process converts mRNA into a polypeptide chain.
What is translation?
This type of feedback loop intensifies a physiological response rather than reversing it.
What is positive feedback?
This level of protein structure is stabilized by hydrogen bonds forming α‑helices and β‑pleated sheets.
What is secondary structure?
This cycle in photosynthesis fixes carbon dioxide into organic molecules.
What is the calvin cycle?
This type of mutation changes one nucleotide but does not alter the amino acid sequence.
What is a silent mutation?
This kidney structure adjusts water reabsorption in response to ADH.
What is the collecting duct?
This biochemical principle explains why enzymes are highly specific to their substrates.
What is the induced-fit model?
This metabolic process converts pyruvate into acetyl‑CoA before entering the Krebs cycle.
What is pyruvate oxidation?
This process allows bacteria to take up foreign DNA from their environment.
What is transformation?
This mechanism describes how the body anticipates changes before they occur, such as increased heart rate before exercise.
What is feedforward regulation?