UTI's
What is the name for the following infections? An infection in the urethra, in the bladder, in the ureter, and in the kidney.
urethritis, cystitis, ureteritis, pyelonephritis.
What are the medication classess that decrease cardiac resistance and remodeling of the cells that are both cardio and renal protective?
There are two types of hitala hernias. Explain the differences.
type one sliding - displaced gastroesophogeal junction and lower esophageal sphinter/ Both above the diaphragm
type two rolling - paraesophageal hernia a portion of the stomach is above the diaphragm
Diverticulitis has many clinical manifestations including abdominal pain, fever, leukocytosis, and a palpable mass. What are the older adult considerations for diverticulitis clinical manifestations.
A fever is not a common symptom for older adults. Other symptoms for them are confusion, change in LOC, and anorexia.
List the two main laboratory findings that can diagnose a UTI.
In a UA positive for leukocytes and nitrates
What is an AKI?
Acute Kidney Injury due to an. interuption of perfusion
Compare/ Contrasts H2 blockers and PPI's
H2 blockers (histamine blockers): reduce the amount of secretions in the stomach
PPI: blocks stomach acid seceretions
Why would a patient who is in the hospital being treated for an acute flare up of diverticulitis having their potassium levels monitored.
Treatment for diverticulitis inclues bowel rest - an NG tube. If on continuous suction their potassium levels may deplete.
What is the 3rd leading cause of renal failure in the U.S.
glomerulonephritis
True or false a client with CKD may be asymptomatic?
True clinent can be asymptomatic until they hit stress
What condition may result in supradiaphragmatic volvulus. Why is this an emergency.
define the following vocabulary. Diverticula, diveritculitis, diveritculosis, and diverticuli.
Diverticula - outpouching
Diveritculitis - inflammed/ infected siverticula
Diveritculosis - noninflammed diverticula
Diverticuli - singular outpouching
The costovertebral angle can be found under which rib?
the 12th
How many stages are there of CKD. List the first and last stages GFR range.
5, stage 1 is a GFR >90, stage 5 GFR <15
True or false the following are risk factors for PUD: smoking, caffeine, NSAIDS, Asprin, Type AB blood, and alcohol.
False. All are true but it should be type O blood
In the US what sections of the colon is diverticulitis most likely occurring in?
The Decending colon. For europeans it can be seen more in the transcerse colon
List 6 causes that may cause a UTI
HARD TO VOID
Hormone changes, Antibiotics, Renal Stones, Diabetes, Toiletries, Obstructive prostatic hypertrophy, Vesicoureteral reflux, Overextended bladder, Indwelling catheters, Decreased immune system
Sever CKD make result in a symptom know as asterixis. Explain what this clinical manifestation looks like.
the wrist and finger are observed to flap because of a breift rapid relaxation of dorsiflexion of the risk. This manifestation is caused by a build up of toxins that the renal system cannot filter out.
A client has been diagnosed with PUD. Clients symptoms: pain that occurs 2 hrs after eating, the are awoken at night due to pain, and have melena.Do they have a gastic ulcer or a duodenal ulcer?
Duodenal ulcer. Client may also have pain relieved by food or antacid.
Symptoms of a gastric: Pain right after eating, less pain at night, pain caused by eating food, malnourishment, and hematemesis
Why is constapation such a big risk factor for diveritculists. What nutrient should be emphasize?
Constipation increased the intraabodominal pressure causing more diveritcula or a possible rupture. Increase fiber to avoid.