Chemistry of Life
Reactions that join molecules by removing water
What is dehydration synthesis?
Organelles that provide evidence for endosymbiosis.
What are chloroplasts and mitochondria?
Reactions of photosynthesis that use water and convert light energy to chemical energy
What are light dependent reactions?
Three main steps in cell signaling
What are reception, transduction and response?
This type of bond involves the equal sharing of electrons, often forming the backbone of biological macromolecules.
What is covalent bond?
The reason water exhibits properties such as cohesion, adhesion and surface tension
What is hydrogen bonding?
System that produces and packages proteins for export from the cell
What is endomembrane system?
Type of inhibition that occurs when an inhibitor binds to the allosteric site changing the enzymes shape
What is non-competitive inhibition? (allosteric inhibition)
This type of feedback loop maintains homeostasis by reducing the initial stimulus, such as in blood sugar regulation.
What is negative feedback?
This type of organic molecule determines the primary structure of protein folding
What is DNA?
Organic macromolecules that contain nitrogen
What are proteins and nucleic acids?
A cell placed in a hypertonic solution will
What is lose water, shrink?
Respiratory process that occurs in the cytoplasm of both anaerobic and aerobic organisms
What is glycolysis?
These regulatory proteins increase in concentration and bind to CDKs to drive the cell cycle forward.
What are cyclins?
Enzymes act as biological catalysts that speed up reactions by lowering this
What is activation energy?
Components of an amino acid
What are amine, carboxyl, central carbon and R group(side chain)?
Transport proteins that aid in the diffusion of water
What are aquaporins?
Environmental condition that disrupts enzyme activity due to altering molecular movement
What is temperature?
Regulatory genes that produce proteins to start or stop cell division
What are proto-oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes?
Type of cell signaling that involves cells near to each other but not touching?
What is paracrine signaling?
Feature that distinguishes unsaturated fatty acids from saturated fatty acids
What are double bonds, liquid at room temperature?
Example of a cellular activity that is dependent upon active transport
What is Na+/K+ pump; H+ ion pump (ETC); endocytosis or exocytosis?
The purpose of oxygen in aerobic respiration
What is the final electron acceptor for the ETC?
Cell signaling responses can be classified in these two categories
What are cytoplasmic and nuclear responses?
The primary source of a plants increase in mass is what molecule that is used during the light independent reactions?
What is carbon dioxide?