Health disparities and systemic Racism
Policies and structures that disadvantage certain racial groups
What is systemic racism
Chronic autoimmune disease in which epidermal cells are produced at an abnormally rapid rate.
What is psoriasis
What is an IV solution called when it has a higher solute concentration than blood and bodily fluids, causing fluid to shift out of cells?
What is hypertonic
A routine urinalysis came back showing elevated levels of nitrate in the urine. What does this indicate?
What is the stage of sleep where most dreams happen?
What is REM
A lifelong process of ongoing self-reflection and learning that treats the patient as the expert in their own culture.
What is cultural humility
What is debridement
What is the minimum urine output needed per hour for the kidneys to function?
What is 30 mL
A patient is instructed to use a sterile wipe to clean around the urinary opening, start urinating into the toilet, and then urinate into a specimen cup. What kind of specimen is being collected?
Practices that a patient associates with sleep.
What is sleep hygiene
These are rapid and automatic mental associations that operate at the subconscious level, often contrary to our conscious beliefs.
What are implicit biases
What is abrasion
When fluid shifts from the blood vessels into the interstitial space.
What is third spacing
Sleep disorder causing daytime sleepiness and falling asleep uncontrollably.
What is narcolepsy
A patient lives in a neighborhood with limited access to grocery stores, safe parks, or affordable housing, leading to poor health outcomes. What are these conditions?
What are social determinants of health
What is stage 1
A patient with heart failure gets admitted. She has had rapid weight gain, hypertension, bounding pulses, and pulmonary crackles. What fluid imbalance does she most likely have?
What is isotonic hypervolemia
How often should a catheter bag be emptied at minimum?
What is q8h
Internal clock that regulates sleep-wake cycles, hormones, and other biological processes.
What is circadian rhythm
This study deceived hundreds of Black men about their diagnosis of syphilis and withheld treatment in order to study the effects of untreated syphilis until death.
What is the Tuskegee Syphilis experiment
A patient's incision after surgery is red, swollen, warm, and has foul-smelling drainage. The wound edges are not approximated. What has most likely happened to the wound?
What is infection
A patient receiving hypotonic fluids starts vomiting and complains of a headache. They become obtunded and confused. What fluid imbalance do they most likely have?
What is hypotonic hypervolemia
A 65 y. o. male has difficulty urinating, feels that his bladder does not empty completely, and has dribbling after voiding. What condition does he most likely have?
What is benign prostatic hyperplasia
A patient feels sleepy during the day despite sleeping 8 hours. Their partner reports that they snore loudly and sometimes stop breathing at night. What are they most likely experiencing?
What is sleep apnea