Child Development
What are gross motor skills?
Skills involving large muscle groups, such as running, jumping and climbing.
What is parallel play?
Children playing alongside each other without directly playing together.
Name one responsibility of a parent or carer.
Providing food, shelter, supervision, emotional support or healthcare.
Name one way to prevent the spread of germs
Handwashing, cleaning surfaces, covering coughs or staying home when infectious.
What does cyber safety mean?
Using the internet and digital technology in ways that protect privacy, security and wellbeing.
Name three areas of child development.
Any three: physical, social, emotional, cognitive or language.
Give two examples of open-ended toys.
Examples include blocks, playdough, loose parts and dress-up materials.
What is a parenting style?
The general approach parents use to guide, discipline, support and communicate with children.
What is immunisation?
The process of developing protection against infectious diseases, usually through vaccination.
Give one benefit and one risk of screen time.
Benefit: educational learning or communication.
Risk: reduced physical activity, inappropriate content or disrupted sleep.
What is the difference between fine and gross motor skills?
Fine motor skills use small muscles for precise movements; gross motor skills use large muscles for whole-body movements.
What is cooperative play?
Children playing together towards a shared goal, often taking turns and following rules.
Describe authoritative parenting.
A style combining warmth, clear boundaries, consistent expectations and age-appropriate independence.
Identify three common hazards in an early childhood environment.
Examples include choking hazards, unsafe furniture, hot surfaces, chemicals and unsecured gates.
What is a digital native?
A person who has grown up surrounded by digital technology.
Explain how a child's environment can influence their development.
Access to safe play spaces, nutritious food, stimulation and supportive relationships can positively influence development.
Explain how pretend play supports development.
It encourages imagination, language, problem-solving, emotional expression and social skills.
Explain how family routines can support children's wellbeing.
Predictable routines provide security, support healthy habits and help children develop independence.
Explain why supervision is important during children's play.
It helps carers identify risks, respond to emergencies and guide children towards safe choices.
Explain how media characters can influence children's behaviour.
Children may imitate behaviours, attitudes, language and social interactions they observe in media.
Explain three factors that may affect a toddler's physical development.
Genetics, nutrition, health, sleep, opportunities for physical activity and access to healthcare.
How play can support physical, social and cognitive development.
Physical: builds coordination and strength.
Social: develops sharing and cooperation.
Cognitive: develops memory, creativity and problem-solving.
Strong answers link each benefit to an example.
Compare authoritative and authoritarian parenting and their possible effects.
Authoritative parenting combines warmth and boundaries and can support confidence and independence. Authoritarian parenting emphasises obedience and strict control and may limit opportunities for independent decision-making.
A childcare centre discovers a child has a severe food allergy. Explain four strategies staff should use.
Follow the child's allergy action plan, avoid identified allergens, prevent food sharing and cross-contact, train staff, and ensure prescribed emergency medication is accessible.
Evaluate the positive and negative effects of technology on children's development.
Positive effects can include learning, creativity and communication.
Negative effects may include inactivity, poor sleep or exposure to harmful content. A strong answer weighs both and considers age, content, supervision and balance.