Addressing
Briefly explain ONE factor that contributes to literacy difficulties in children.
One factor is limited exposure to books at home. When children are not exposed to reading materials early, they may develop weak vocabulary and poor reading habits, which affect literacy development.
Explain how using an Early Literacy Programme can impact literacy development.
it provides structured activities and materials that help children develop early reading and writing skills, fostering conventional literacy later.
What is a National Assessment?
A standardized test administered nationwide to measure students’ educational achievement.
Explain why grammar is important for effective communication.
Grammar helps organize language so ideas are clear and messages are understood accurately.
Explain the purpose of using diagnostic instruments in literacy instruction.
Diagnostic instruments help teachers identify students’ strengths and weaknesses so instruction can be planned to meet individual learning needs.
Explain how limited exposure to print can impact reading development.
Limited exposure to print reduces opportunities for children to build vocabulary, recognize words, and develop comprehension skills, making reading more difficult and less fluent.
Explain ONE way reading and writing are interrelated skills.
Writing helps students organize thoughts, which improves reading comprehension.
Why is a Table of Specification important?
It ensures balanced coverage of content and skills and improves content validity.
Describe ONE component of grammar and explain its importance.
Syntax is important because it governs sentence structure, helping ideas make sense.
Explain how an observation checklist can inform classroom instruction.
An observation checklist allows the teacher to note students’ behaviors and skills during lessons and adjust instruction accordingly.
Explain how poor word recognition affects comprehension.
When students struggle to recognize words, they focus on decoding instead of understanding the meaning of the text.
Briefly describe TWO approaches to literacy development and give ONE benefit and ONE limitation of each.
Phonics approach: teaches decoding; benefit – strong word recognition; limitation – may neglect comprehension.
Whole language approach: focuses on meaning and context; benefit – encourages reading for meaning; limitation – may not teach decoding systematically.
What is Assessment for Learning?
An ongoing process that uses assessment to support and improve student learning.
Describe how an ICT tool can support grammar teaching.
Online quizzes provide immediate feedback, helping students identify and correct errors.
State TWO purposes of National Assessments.
o monitor the effectiveness of the curriculum and to inform educational policy and planning.
Describe ONE comprehension strategy and explain how it helps students.
QAR, KWL etc
Explain how a supportive teacher enhances literacy development.
Encourages risk-taking, provides feedback, and fosters motivation and engagement.
How is item difficulty calculated using upper and lower groups?
By dividing the total number of correct responses by the total number of students in both groups.
Explain the difference between prescriptive and descriptive grammar with an example.
Prescriptive grammar focuses on rules of correct usage, while descriptive grammar describes how language is actually used. For example, “He doesn’t know” is prescriptive, while everyday speech may differ.
Explain how the Language Experience Approach supports literacy development.
Students dictate stories based on experiences, linking oral language with reading and writing, reinforcing comprehension and expression.
Explain how teachers can scaffold comprehension in a primary classroom.
Teachers can scaffold comprehension by modeling strategies, using guided reading, and gradually releasing responsibility to students
Describe ONE challenge of teaching literacy in a diverse classroom and how an effective literacy teacher addresses it.
Challenge: varying language backgrounds. Solution: use differentiated instruction and inclusive literacy activities.
explain how assessment data improves teaching and learning.
It identifies strengths and weaknesses, allowing targeted instruction and support.
Explain the challenges of using ICT in classrooms and how teachers can overcome them.
Challenges include limited access to devices and internet, which can be addressed through shared devices, offline resources, and careful planning.
Why is Assessment for Learning effective?
It helps students understand how to improve and supports continuous learning.