Mood disorders
Define anhedonia.
Loss of interest or pleasure
Disruptive fear of a particular object or situation is an indicator of which type of anxiety disorder?
A phobia
Give an example of a sociocultural risk factor for a mood disorder.
- interpersonal (such as lack of social support)
- stress leading to lack of sleep
- marginalized group status
True or false: a mood is more brief and extreme than an emotion.
False
Which disorder involves a consistently low mood for at least two years?
Persistent depressive disorder (PDD)
Feeling anxiety about making a fool of oneself is likely a sign of which anxiety disorder?
Social anxiety disorder
Which anxiety disorder has the highest lifetime prevalence rate?
Phobia (12.5%)
True or false: anxiety often leads to behavioral changes and avoidance.
True. This is the primary difference between worry and anxiety.
According to the DSM, a manic episode must last at least how long?
one week
What is the difference between and obsession and compulsion within in OCD?
Obsession: repetitive thoughts/urges
Compulsion: repetitive behaviors/mental acts
Difficult temperament falls under which type of risk factor?
Psychobiological
What is the diagnostic term for seasonal affective disorder?
What is "double depression?"
Having persistent depressive disorder AND a full major depressive episode
According to the DSM, for what period of time per day does an individual need to be preoccupied with perceived flaws in their physical appearance to be diagnosed with body dysmorphic disorder?
At least one hour per day
Give an example of a cognitive risk factor for an anxiety disorder.
Perceived lack of control, negative beliefs about future, anxiety sensitivity/attention bias
Give any example of behavioral activation when treating mood disorders.
Joy based movement, reaching out to friends, doing mundane tasks
Which type of episode causes an increase in risk of hospitalization?
Mixed episode (Manic or hypomanic episode + major depressive symptoms)
What happens with the prefrontal cortex during trauma?
Has a hard time regulating emotions
- fragmented memory
-trouble putting words to experiences
The lifetime prevalence for OCD is...
1.8%
What is interoceptive exposure, and which disorder is it used to treat?