Chapter Five vocab
The process of developing from a child into an adult.
Adolescent
totality of motor processes involved in the planning and execution of sequences of overlapping gestures that result in speech
Articulation
What is the purpose of conducting a screening?
To determine if language skills are adequate or if there is a significant discrepancy that warrants further assessment
What are the four types of articulation errors
SODA-substitution, omission, distortion, addition
language minority students in the US who are learning English
English Language Learners
a step-by-step, lesson-by-lesson approach to teaching which is scripted and follows a pre-determined skill acquisition sequence
Direct teaching
impaired system of phonemes and phoneme patterns within the context of spoken language. Reflects a language deficiency, specifically a neurolinguistics dysfunction at the phonological level. Phonemic inventory - repertoire of phonemes used contrastively by an individual.
Phonological Disorders
Describe some ways that SLPs can better identify adolescents with language impairment.
-norm referenced test
-unmourned standardized methods
-Analysis of spontaneous language
-contrived situations
-portfolios
-assessing the educational system
What is the "S" in SODA and what does it mean
Substitution, Def: replace one sound with another sound
Ex) Wed for Red
2 languages simultaneously from birth or a second language after first language
dual language learners
designed to be practical and useful, the most basic skill of communication
Functional
if an individual's articulation deviates significantly from the norm, it may be diagnosed as an articulation disorder.
Articulation Disorder
What are some language characteristics frequently observed in adolescents with language impairment?
1. Words with abstract or multiple meanings or figurative language expressions
2. Complex syntax
3. Word-finding
4. Morphologically complex words and/or use nonspecific, noncontent words (thing, stuff)
5. Pronouns without clear referents
6. Range of dependent/subordinate clause types of adverbial connectiveness
7. Verb morphology
what is the "O" in SODA and what does it mean?
Omission, Def: delete a sound in a word
Ex)pay for play or geen for green
What are some ways that we can practice cultural humility?
Asking questions in a humble, safe manner
Seek self awareness
Suspend judgement
Expression kindness and compassion
Support a safe and welcoming environment
Start where the patient is at
planned in advance and not natural or what somebody claims it is
Contrived situations
used in relationship to linguistic function - smallest linguistic unit that is able, when combined with other such units, to establish word meanings and distinguish between them; function of sound; signifies differences in word meaning within a specific language. Phoneme system can be limited or restricted when compared to the norm, relates to individual's language system.
Phonemes
Discuss in detail one reason why adolescents with language impairment are being underserved.
1. Emphasis on placed on preschoolers and elementary school children (early intervention)
2. Low numbers of SLPs serving secondary schools
3. Dismissing students from services when they need continuing support
4. Limited direct data on prevalence of LI in adolescents
5. Figure 5.4 in book (early intervention, level of professional prep, lack of professional awareness, limited research, dismissal processes, misidentification/misdiagnosis, level of service delivery)
what is the "D" in SODA and what does it mean?
Distortions, Def: produce a sound in an unfamiliar manner
Ex) pencil sounds like pemcil because of nasality
2nd language introduced after age 3
sequential bilingualism
the average number of clauses (main and subordinate) per T-unit
Clausal density
Production features of speech sounds and their categorization and classification according to specific parameters of their production
-actualities of how speech sounds are formed - directly related to articulation.
Articulatory Phonetics
Describe at least two personal and/or societal costs of adolescent language impairment
-Problem not just individual, but also for society
-Undereducation and underemployment result in wasted potential valuable human resources and contributions
-Risk for leaving school before earning high school diploma (or equivalent)
-Movement from special education to general education? Do they no longer need support services?
-Juvenile delinquency, youth suicide, drug and alcohol abuse linked to deficits in basic skills◦Students with SLD 4x more likely to be arrested
-Students with disabilities who left school without graduating 6x more likely to be arrested
-**link between juvenile delinquency and adolescent LI is growing
what is the "A" in SODA and what does it mean?
Addition, Def: insert an extra sound within a word
Ex) Buhlack for black or doguh for dog
Why is development of cultural humility important for practicing SLPs?
-respond to demographic changes in the United States
-eliminate long-standing disparities in the health status of people based on racial, ethnic, and cultural backgrounds
-improve the quality of services and health outcomes; and
-meet legislative, regulatory, and accreditation mandates.