Early Cognitive Psychology
The dependent variable is plotted on the _____ axis.
Y-axis
Specificity coding is when:
A single neuron "codes" or responds to a specific stimulus (e.g., a specific face)
What is covert vs. overt attention?
"Mental" shifts of attention vs. shifting attention with eye movements
The tendency of the human eye to follow a continuous path describes the principle of
Continuity
Who introduced functionalism as a school of thought in psychology?
William James
What is structuralism?
An early school of psychology that focused on breaking down mental processes into the most basic components.
If a researcher wants to know the precise location in the brain that contributes to a cognitive process. They would need to choose a neuroimaging method with good _______ resolution.
Spatial
We are _____ (more/less) distractible, when performing a high perceptual load task.
less
Visual information entering the eye and triggering signals to be sent to visual processing areas in the brain is an example of what type of perceptual information:
Bottom-up
What type of attention does the dichotic listening task test?
Selective attention
Cognitive psychology experiments measure _________ to infer properties of the ________.
behavior, mind
Which neuroimaging method uses radioactive tracers to track specific molecules (e.g., oxygen, dopamine, serotonin etc).
Positron Emission Tomography (PET)
According to feature integration theory, feature binding to objects occurs in the ______ stage.
Focused Attention Stage
The Thatcher illusion is a phenomenon where it becomes more difficult to detect local feature changes in a/an ______ face.
upside down
EEG has _____ (better/worse) spatial resolution compared to fMRI and (better/worse) temporal resolution compared to fMRI.
worse, better
What is the information processing approach?
A an approach to cognitive psychology that suggest that the operation of the mind occurs in stages
What is the process by which the brain changes its structure and function in response to experiences.
experience dependent neural plasticity
Spatial attention______ perception at the attended location.
improves
______ are certain characteristics of the environment that happen frequently and this knowledge informs how we perceive information.
Physical regularities
Our perception of an object changes depending on the context that we view it in. This is an example of the effects of _____ regularities.
semantic
1) Describe Ebbinghaus’s forgetting curve and 2) explain what happens to the curve when you review/study material.
1) There is a steep decline in retention of new information immediately after learning that continues until it stabilizes. 2) The slope of the curve becomes less steep when we review/study the material again
Describe the function of the "what" pathway and whether it is best described as a ventral or dorsal pathway?
a visual processing pathway in the brain that helps identify objects and shapes/ventral
What is the "dictionary unit" and which model is it a part of?
The dictionary unit is the module that analyzes both attended and unattended messages. It contains words stored in memory, each which has a threshold for being activated. It is part of Triesman's attenuation model/leaky filter model.
1)The ________ states that we perceive the object that is most likely to have caused the image in our retina. 2)This is a part of which object percpetion theory?
Likelihood principle/Helmholtz’s Theory of Unconscious Inference
Name three observations/results/events that led to the cognitive revolution.
Tolman's maze experiment, memory organization strategies, the computer metaphor, the nature of language learning in children