Heart Anatomy
How many chambers are in the heart?
Four
What artery does blood leave the heart through?
Aorta
What is the formula for Cardiac Output?
Heart Rate x Stroke Volume
What wave on an ECG does ventricular repolarization occur at?
T wave
What organ filters blood?
Kidneys
What is the largest chamber in the heart?
Left Ventricle
What are the two semilunar valve names?
Pulmonary & Aortic
How is Stroke Volume determined?
EDV - ESV
Parasympathetic activity is regulated by which cranial nerve?
Vagus nerve
Blood pressure is defined as...
The maximum and the minimum arterial pressures, recorded as systolic pressure/diastolic pressure.
What blood vessels connect the right ventricle to the lungs?
Pulmonary arteries
What is the difference between a vein and an artery?
Vein - towards heart, Artery - away from heart
What happens when Baroreceptors detect increased pressure?
- Heart rate decreases
- Increased parasympathetic stimulation
- Decreased sympathetic stimulation
What part of the ICS stimulates the muscles of the left ventricle?
Purkinje Fibers
Whhat are the three causes of peripheral resistance?
Blood viscosity, blood vessel length, and blood vessel diameter
What is the outer covering of the heart?
Pericardium
What valve does blood pass through to get from the right atrium to the right ventricle?
Bicuspid (Mitral)
The degree to which heart muscle cells are stretched by blood entering the heart before they contract is called...
Preload
Does an an ECG measure?
What is Mean Arteriole Pressure (MAP)?
The average pressure in the arterioles.
What part of the heart is the pacemaker?
SA Node
What type of blood vessel does blood travel through in its target tissue in order for O to be dropped off and CO2 to be picked up?
Capillaries
Describe Afterload.
The force that must be overcome in order for blood to leave the heart.
What is the path of conduction in the heart?
SA Node - AV Node - AV Bundle - Bundle Branches - Purkinje fibers
What does Angiotensin II cause?
Vasoconstriction, Decreased filtration rate, Release of aldosterone, Release of ADH