Linguistics
The study of human speech sounds.
What is phonetics.
What is the vocal tract.
The set of symbols used by phoneticians to transcribe human speech.
What is the IPA.
The words flame and frame are an example of this.
What is minimal pair.
The smallest unit (free or bound) thta pairs a consistent form with a consistent meaning in human languages.
What is a morpheme.
The study of the strategies that languages use to form meaningful words.
What is morphology.
The lips, teeth, glottis, alveolar ridge, palate, velum, uvula, and pharynx.
What is articulators.
The label of the fourth column in the table of consonants in the IPA chart. This term applies to the place of articulation of the the English sounds [t, d, n, s, z, l].
What is alveolar.
The type of distribution observed for the sounds [l] and [r] in the words flame/frame.
What is contrastive (distribution).
The two forms a and an are an example of this.
What is an allomorphy.
The study of the sound system of languages, including which sounds are building blocks in a language, how the mental grammar of each language organizes these sounds in the mind, and how the sounds can combine to create words in the language.
What is phonology.
The group of speech sounds produced with the vocal tract quite open and the vocal folds vibrating.
What is vowels.
The label of the fifth row in the table of consonants in the IPA chart. This row which includes the English sounds [f, v, s, z, h].
What is fricative.
The category in our mental grammar into which our mind groups sounds that are phonetically similar and gives them all the same label.
What is a phoneme.
Number marking on a noun (e.g., sock-socks) or tense marking on a verb (e.g., walk-walked) are examples of this type of morphology.
What is inflectional.
The shared system that allows us to understand each other’s ideas when we speak. The primary goal of linguistics is to understand the structure and properties of that system.
What is mental grammar.
What is consonants.
The terms front, central, back, high, mid, low in the vowel diagram in the IPA chart refer to the position of this articulator.
What is the tongue.
A group of phones that are not contrastive, that don’t lead to a meaning change, and are members of that same phoneme category are called this.
What is an allophone.
The type of morphology that creates new words, such as teacher and rereading, by attaching affixes to root or stems.
What is derivational morphology.
The property of mental grammar that allows each fluent speaker to create new words and sentences that have never been spoken before.
What is generativity.
We produce these sounds when we move our articulators while producing a vowel.
What are diphthongs.
The DIACRITICS table of the IPA chart is what we rely on heavily when we perform this type of phonetic transcription of human speech.
What is narrow transcription.
The type of distribution observed in relation to allophones.
What is complementary distribution.
The type of affix observed in the following example of derivational morphology from Bontoc: fikas (strong) -- fumikas (to be strong).
What is an infix.