Intro to Behavior
____________ can be defined as "those personal attributes such as beliefs, expectations, motives, values, perceptions and other cognitive elements, personality characteristics, including affective and emotional states and traits, and overt behavior patterns, actions and habits that related to health maintenance, to health restoration and to improvement"
Health Behavior
True/ False. From a social -ecological perspective, youth violence is related to social position.
True.
___________ are the specific components that make up or support a theory. An example of this would be "normative beliefs"
Constructs
True/ False. According to the TRA/ TPB, people who have lower behavioral intentions will be more livelily to adopt a new behavior.
False.
This refers to the social networks and resources one has, and how these influence access to education, jobs, health care, and other social benefits.
Social Capital
Health Educators design interventions that take place at one of three (3) prevention levels to address risk factors. Identify the level of prevention the example below best represents:
Providing antiretroviral medications to someone who has been clinically diagnosed with HIV.
Tertiary Prevention
Identify two (2) cultural factors that may impact and/or influence obesity related behaviors.
Values and beliefs related to food
Body image
Social role of eating
Food is love
________________ organizes components of a domain to show a relationship, whereas _________________ presents a systematic view of a domain to make prediction.
Model, Theory
Customary codes of behavior in a group or culture, together with beliefs about those codes are known as ____________________________?
Social Norms
These two constructs of the Health Belief Model (HBM) are often combined together to give indication of the "perceived threat" or "risk perception" of an illness or injury.
Perceived susceptibility
Perceived severityIdentify and describe the 3 categories of behavior change.
•Preventative health behavior – any activity undertaken by an individual who believes himself (or herself) to be healthy, for the purpose of preventing or detecting illness in an asymptomatic state.
•Illness behavior – any activity undertaken by an individual who perceives himself to be ill, to define the state of health and to discover a suitable remedy.
•Sick role behavior – any activity undertaken by an individual who considers himself to be ill, for the purpose of getting well. (i.e. receiving treatment from medical providers).
This approach to violent behavior takes into consideration the mental image one has of oneself and seeks to understand how that operates at an individual level.
Self-Concept Approach
Name three (3) disciplines that have influences behavioral theory.
Psychology - Social, Humanistic, Cognitive and Behaviorist
Sociology
Cultural Anthropology
Ecology and Behavioral Systems
Control Beliefs, Perceived Power and Perceived Control
Which theory can be described using this classic frame of reference for understanding health behavior:
I am vulnerable to the threat.
The threat is serious.
By taking action, I can protect myself.
Health Belief Model (HBM)
Identify 4 factors that are NOT health motives but can still affect what people do or don't do related to health.
Social goals
Personal goals
Socioeconomic status/conditionsEnvironmental conditions
Public policies and regulationsList four social determinants of health that should be considered when considering one’s health behavior.
a. Availability of resources to meet daily needs (e.g., safe housing and local food markets)
b. Access to educational, economic, and job opportunities
c. Access to health care services
d. Quality of education and job training
e. Availability of community-based resources in support of community living and opportunities for recreational and leisure-time activities
f. Transportation options
g. Public safety
h. Social support
i. Social norms and attitudes (e.g., discrimination, racism, and distrust of government)
j. Exposure to crime, violence, and social disorder (e.g., presence of trash and lack of cooperation in a community)
k. Socioeconomic conditions (e.g., concentrated poverty and the stressful conditions that accompany it)
l. Residential segregation
m. Language/Literacy
n. Access to mass media and emerging technologies (e.g., cell phones, the Internet, and social media)
o. Culture
What are the four main tenets of the Western tradition of philosophy and science?
Order and Regularity
Predictability
Empirical DataProgress and Perfectibility
Identify and detail 2 limitations of the Transtheoretical Model (TTM) and Precaution Adoption Process Model (PAPM).
•Ignores the social context in which change occurs, such as SES and income.
•The lines between the stages can be arbitrary with no set criteria of how to determine a person's stage of change.
•There is no clear sense for how much time is needed for each stage, or how long a person can remain in a stage.
•The model assumes that individuals make coherent and logical plans in their decision-making process when this is not always true.
Identify and describe the 2 ADDITIONAL stages that could occur in the Transtheoretical Model (TTM).
Relapse - Resumption of old behaviors due to triggers (“fall from grace”)
Termination - Ending at the appropriate point. Not becoming 'institutionalized
Identify 5 theories that we have and will discuss this semester.
Health Belief Model (HBM)
Social Cognitive Theory
Theory of Reasoned Action/ Planned Behavior
Social Network Theory
Diffusion of Innovation Theory
Transtheoretical Model (TTM)/ Stages of Change
Identify the 5 levels of influence within a social ecology of behavior.
Individual
Family/Social Group
Community/Population
Cultural/Societal
Political/Economic/Structural
Identify the 5 needs associated with Manslow's Hierarchy of Needs
Safety needs
Belongingness and love needs
Esteem needs
Self Actualization
Identify the stages set out in the Transtheoretical Model (TTM) – known as “stages of change” give the timelines associated with each stage.
–Precontemplation (Not considering anytime soon)
–Contemplation (Within the next 6 months)
–Preparation (Planning to Act within 1 month)
–Action (Practicing new behavior for 3 – 6 months)
–Maintenance (Post – 6 months to 5 years)
In the health belief model there are several "cues to action" that can be used to help motivate individuals towards behavior change. Identify 5 possible cues to action:
Mass Media Campaigns
Advice from others
Reminder or postcard
Illness of a family member/ friend
Newspaper or magazine article