Chapter 7
An example of a bariatric surgical procedure used for treating severely or morbidly obese individuals is called
gastric bypass
Almost _____% of adults in the United States are overweight or have obesity.
75
A reduction in the intensity of workouts with a corresponding increase in the percentage of carbohydrate intake over several days before a competition.
Carbohydrate loading
The U.S. Public Health Service and the March of Dimes recommend that all women of childbearing age should take a daily multivitamin and mineral supplement that contains ----------folic acid.
400 micrograms
Adequate folate intake for neural tube development is especially important in the ______ trimester.
first
When considering physical activity for weight control, keep in mind that sustained aerobic activity, including brisk walking, jogging, or cycling, burns more ______ than resistance activity.
fat
Basal metabolism is the energy expended
while in a fasting state when resting and awake in a warm, quiet environment.
A free-weight workout that includes 8 to 10 different exercises performed for many repetitions with low resistance is designed mainly to enhance
muscular endurance.
Avoiding greasy or fried foods, eating saltine crackers or dry cereal before getting out of bed, avoiding large fluid intake in the mornings, and eating smaller, more frequent meals help to control _____ during pregnancy.
nausea
During pregnancy, the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR) for fat is
20% to 35% of total kcal.
A very-low-calorie diet (VLCD), also known as protein-sparing modified fast, allows a person ________ kcal per day, often in liquid form.
400 to 800
Mindy has been following a weight-loss plan for the past five months, but she has reached a plateau. It seems like she cannot lose any more weight. A good strategy to stimulate further weight loss is to
increase physical activity.
The Physical Activity Guidelines recommends that adults participate in at least _____ minutes per week of moderate-intensity, or _____ minutes per week of vigorous-intensity aerobic physical activity, or an equivalent combination of moderate- and vigorous-intensity aerobic activity.
150 to 300; 75 to 150
During the first trimester, a woman should gain ______ pounds.
2 to 4
A mineral that is especially important for male fertility is
zinc
Of the most common methods of estimating body composition, which is the most accurate?
Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry
According to the 3500-kcal rule, a daily deficit of 500 kcal should result in an approximate weight loss of about how many pounds per week?
1
The process of manipulating the diet and physical training regimen so that muscles become more efficient at metabolizing fat as fuel during aerobic activity is called
fat adaptation.
Low maternal levels of ______ during gestation may increase the risk for type 1 diabetes, multiple sclerosis, allergies, asthma, and mental disorders in the offspring.
vitamin D
The hormone that triggers "let down" or milk release is
oxytocin.
A waist circumference _____ inches for men and _____ inches for women indicates increased risk of disease.
> 40; > 35
Xenical® is a weight-loss drug that works in the digestive system to block digestion of about------------ in the food we eat.
30% of the fat
Athletes should obtain at least _____ of their total energy needs from carbohydrate, especially if activity duration is expected to exceed 2 hours and total caloric intake is about 3000 kcal per day or less.
45% to 65%
The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends all infants be given ______ of vitamin D per day until they are consuming that much from food.
10 micrograms
The Estimated Energy Requirement (EER) for lactating women is approximately _______ kilocalories per day above the pre-pregnancy EER.
330 to 400