Bioenergetics
What is the breakdown of ATP, what enzyme is involved?
ATP into ADP + Pi, ATPase
How does blood flow through the heart? (once it leaves the aorta)
From a high to low pressure, arteries to veins
What is VO2max?
The maximum amount of oxygen we can consume and utilize
What are the 3 acid sources
CO2, Lactate + H+, ATP
What are the 3 parts of a nerve?
Dendrite, Cell Body, Axon
What is the Law of Mass Action?
QRS complex, it is overshadowed by ventrical depoarlization
How do we onload oxygen to hemoglobin?
by saturating the hemoglobin in oxygen through breathing, high to low pressure.
What are the 2 adaptations in both aerobic and resistance exercise
Mitocondrial Biogenesis, Capillary Density, Nerual Drive, Hypertrophy
What causes an Action Potential?
the trickle of NA+ into the cell till threshold is reached then a rush of NA+ enters the cell causing it to do negative and depolarizing
What are the 2 fates of pyruvate?
Into kerbs as AcetylCoA and Lactate + H+
What are the 2 nerves that control the SA Node, how does the change between them work?
Vegas and Accelorator nerve, before a switch can occur we must stop activating one nerve before the other. Our gas and break analogy
RER is often used with what test? what are we looking at with our RER output.
VO2max testing. How much carbs and fat they are burning and when they max out there carbs and transition into hyperventilating
Carbonic Acid does what in Acid base buffering?
allows hydrogens to blind with bicarbonate and be transported to the lungs once leaving the muscle
What does the SR release? what does this bind to?
Releases Calcium that then binds to Troponin.
Where does fats enter into the energy systems? How does this effect energy production?
Fat enters as a 2 carbon molecule in the spot of AcetylCoA and allows us to use fat energy instead of carbs.
Explain the Frank Sterling mechanism
Greater the stretch the greater the squeeze. the further we pull apart the sarcomere the greater the force of the contraction
Explain the Oxyhemoglobin Dissocotiation Curve
% saturation of hemoglobin at onloading compared to the amount of hemoglobin returning to the heart after being utilized
What is mTOR? what blocks it?
Is the master regulator of protein synthesis, AMPK inhibits mTOR activation
Explain the breakdown of ATP in terms of Myosin and Actin
ATP binds breakdown into ADP and P, ATP binds again reset and the contraction begins again
With the increased production of free radicals we use H+ as an antioxidant, where does this take place and what is the main purpose of this reaction?
Takes place in the 3rd proton pump in the ETC. Allows for the electrons to flow down the pump gradient so we can send H+ across the gradient.
If I'm performing an bench press what will my blood vessels do in response, what will happen to my cardiac output?
the blood vessels will dialate in the upperbody forcing blood to those areas, we will then see an increase in cardiac output as we are forcing more blood out of the heart to be used.
We have 2 people running a race against each other person A has the higher VO2max than person B but person B has a higher lactate threshold. Who will win the race? Why?
Person B will win due to the fact they can perform work longer without getting fatigued, person A will perform better but for a shorter duration giving person B time to catch up
What are the 5 things that activate PGC1-Alpha?
Calcium, Free Radicals, Insulin, NAD/NADH (SIRT1), VEGF
What is Hennemen's Size Principle? How could this potential activate our Golgi Tendon Organs?
The recruitment of muscle fibers in order to move a load, varies depending on the task. If we are lifting a load of extreme weight that requires a lot of force are GTOs will activate shutting off our muscles in order to protect us from injuring ourselves.