Human Skeletal Articulations
What are immovable joints called?
Synarthroses
What type of tissue covers the articulating bone surfaces?
Articular (hyaline) cartilage
What connects muscles to bones?
Tendons
What are two types of flexibility?
Passive and dynamic flexibility
What type of joint is the pubic symphysis?
Amphiarthrosis
What fluid lubricates the joint?
Synovial fluid
What connects bones to bones?What structure reduces
Ligaments
Name two factors that influence flexibility.
1. Bone or fat interference
2. Muscle or tissue tightness
3. Muscle fatigue
What type of joint is freely movable and surrounded by a capsule?
Diarthroses or synovial joint
How do chondrocytes get nutrients without blood vessels?
Through loading/unloading cycles that allow fluid exchange
What ligament prevents anterior tibial displacement?
Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)
What does RICE stand for?
Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation
What are the three basic types of joints?
Synarthroses, amphiarthroses, diarthroses
What percent of articular cartilage is water?
60–90%
Ligaments provide ______ restraing of joint, while tendon provides ______ restraint of joint.
Static & Dynamic
Which joint structures (articular cartilage, meniscus, ACL) are most commonly damaged in sports? List them in order.
Meniscus > ACL > articular cartilage
Name three examples of a synovial joint movement type.
Gliding, hinge, pivot, condyloid, saddle, or ball and socket
What are the two major functions of articular cartilage?
1. spreads loads over a wide area
2. provides a protective lubrication
_______ detects muscle length and rate of chage in length, while ________ detects muscle tension and rate of change in muscle tension.
Muscle Spindle
Golgi tendon organs
What’s the difference between osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis?
Osteoarthritis = wear-and-tearm (Overuse)
Rheumatoid = autoimmune inflammation