Formal Powers
This clause gives the president authority to enforce laws passed by Congress.
Take Care Clause
This term refers to the president’s ability to shape public opinion through media.
Bully pulpit
This branch can declare executive actions unconstitutional.
Judicial Branch
This case established judicial review, allowing courts to check executive actions.
Marbury v. Madison
The president vetoes a bill passed by Congress. Identify the type of power.
Formal Power
This presidential power requires Senate approval and involves formal agreements with foreign nations.
Treaty power
This informal power allows the president to issue directives that carry the force of law without Congressional approval.
Executive Orders
This congressional power allows removal of a president for misconduct.
Impeachment
Political Spending is a form of protected speech under the first amendment....
Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission
The president gives a national speech to gain support for healthcare reform. Identify the type of power.
Informal Power (Bully Pulpit)
This role allows the president to deploy troops without a formal declaration of war.
Commander-in-Chief
These agreements with foreign nations do not require Senate approval and are often used instead of treaties.
Executive agreements
This Senate power serves as a check on presidential appointments.
Confirmation
Possession of a gun in a school zone became a federal crime.
United States v. Lopez
The president signs an agreement with another country without Senate approval. Identify the type of power.
Informal power (executive agreement)
This power allows the president to reject legislation, which Congress can override with a 2/3 vote.
Veto power
This informal power involves negotiating with members of Congress to influence legislation.
Bargaining and persuasion
This Supreme Court case limited presidential power by rejecting unchecked executive privilege.
U.S. v. Nixon
Race based school segregation violates the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.
Brown vs. Board of Education
The president sends troops abroad without a declaration of war.
Formal Power (Commander in Chief)
This constitutional power allows the president to appoint federal judges, shaping policy long-term.
Appointment power
This tool allows the president to express how a law should be interpreted and enforced when signing it
Signing statements
This law limits the president’s ability to use military force without Congressional approval.
War Powers Act
School sponsorship of religious activities violates the Equal Protection Clause of the First Amendment
Engel v. Vitale
The president pressures Congress and uses media to pass a law.
Informal powers: persuasion and going public