Equations
Equation for cardiac output
CO = HR x SV
This type of muscle is adaptive for strength and power activities
Type IIB Fast-twitch Glycolytic
This refers to the response when the right atrium dilates and right atrial pressure increases
- HR inc. 10-15 bpm if heart is @ normal rate
- inc. heart contractility
Bainbridge's Reflex (volume reflex)
What is an augmentation of the energy utilization of the muscle by means of an exercise program?
Conditioning (a process)
What classifies as a severe dysfunction % of ejection fraction?
30-35%
Equation for Mean arterial pressure
MAP = diastolic + 1/3 pulse pressure
Pulse pressure = systolic - diastolic
This is the % of blood pumped from ventricle/beat
Ejection fraction (EDV-ESV)
This is the oxygen utilized by the muscles/tissues, the "peripheral" component that is important for improving functional capacity in severely compromised left ventricular function
a-VO2 (Arterio-Venous Difference)
This term relates to contractility (+ or -)
Inotropic
T/F: number of capillaries surrounding each skeletal fiber decrease w/ adaptations to exercise training
False
What is the Fick equation (for VO2 max)
VO2= Q x a-VO2
Q = cardiac output
a-VO2 = arterio-venous difference
This term relates to conductivity (+ or -)
Dromotropic
This is a major determinant of CO during moderate-maximal exercise
HR
Doubly Labelled Water (DLW), calorimetry and CPET are three methods for this measurement
Energy expenditure (EE)
What classifies as a critical dysfunction % for ejection fraction?
<30 %
What is the Rate pressure product
RPP = HR x SBP
- calculated during exertion
This type of muscle is for endurance type activities
Type I Slow-twitch oxidative
This refers to increased ventricular stretch that will lead to increased force of contraction
Frank-Starling principle
This term relates to rate/timing (+ or -)
Chronotropic
T/F: Hemoglobin initially decreases then increases
True
What is the pulmonary ventilation equation
VE = RR x VT
RR = respiratory rate
VT = tidal volume
This is the force/resistance the muscular wall of a ventricle has to exert/overcome to contract [systolic load]
Afterload
This is the amount of tension on the ventricular wall before it contracts [EDV]
Preload
55-70%
T/F: It's common/normal for SBP to plateau w/ prolonged (30-45 minutes) exercise at the same workload
True