Cardiac Output (Q)
The make up of cardiac output
What is Q=SV*HR, the amount of blood pumped each minute by the heart
The factors that increase blood pressure
What is:
Blood volume increase
Heart rate increases
Stroke volume increase
Blood viscosity increases
Peripheral resistance increases
The purposes of the Cardio vascular system
What is transport O2 and nutrients to tissues and removal of C02 wastes from tissues regulation of body temperature
The P wave, QRS complex, and T wave
What is atrial depolarization, ventricular depolarization and atrial repolarization, ventricular repolarization
The changes in HR, BP, SV, and Q in prolonged exercise
HR goes up linearly
MAP goes up by diastole stays neutral
Gradual decrease in SV due to dehydration and less plasma volume
Q is maintained
The factors that increase and decrease Q
What is sympathetic nerves, contraction strength, frank-starling stretch, end-diastolic volume EDV and
parasympathetic nerves, and mean arterial pressure (MAP)
The systolic and diastolic pressure meanings
What is pressure generated as blood is ejected from the heart during ventricular systole
What is arterial pressure during diastole
What is via the vagus nerve, and slows HR by inhibiting SA and AV nodes
via the cardiac accelerator nerves, and increases HR by stimulating SA and AV node
The Frank Starling law of heart
What is the greater venous return = more forceful contraction
What is the constriction of the veins (venoconstriction), pumping action of contracting skeletal muscle (called the muscle pump), pumping action of the respiratory system (respiratory pump)
The factors of stroke volume
What is the end diastolic volume (EDV), the average aortic blood pressure, the strength of ventricular contraction
The factors that effect MAP
What is cardiac output, blood volume, resistance to flow, and blood viscosity. These could increase or decrease MAP depending on if the numbers are lower or higher
The differences of cardiac muscle compared to skeletal muscle
What is shorter muscle fibers, intercalated discs, and involuntary neural control
The function of intercalated discs
What is the ability to allow transmission of electrical impulses to one fiber to another. Allows ions to cross so all fibers will contract at the same time.
The redistribution of blood flow during exercise
What is moving 80-85% of blood to muscles, more to the heart and less all around the body
The AVO2 difference
What is the difference between the oxygen content of arterial and mixed-venous blood
Reflects autonomic balance and is excellent noninvasive screening tool for diseases.
It can predict sudden cardiac death, heart attack, CVD, heart failure, hypertension
The changes in SV, HR, and BP in gradually increasing intensity exercise.
What is SV increasing linearly until 40-50% VO2 max
HR increases linearly
Q slowly increases